Exercises · 1.9
Q.Explain
(i) The basis of similarities and differences between metallic and ionic crystals.
(ii) Ionic solids are hard and brittle.
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Start your 14-day free trial to unlock the full solution →(i) Similarities and differences between metallic and ionic crystals.
Similarities:
- Both are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction.
- Both are non-directional in bonding and have relatively high melting points.
Differences:
| Property | Ionic crystal | Metallic crystal |
|---|---|---|
| Constituent particles | positive and negative ions | metal kernels (cations) + delocalised electrons |
| Nature of force | ion–ion electrostatic attraction | attraction between cations and the electron sea |
| Electrical conductivity | only when molten or dissolved (ions become mobile) | in the solid state (free electrons) |
| Mechanical behaviour | hard and brittle | malleable and ductile |
(ii) Why ionic solids are hard and brittle.
- Hard: the ions are held by strong, non-directional electrostatic forces throughout the lattice, so a large force is needed to deform them. …
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