Q.The population of a town was 8,00,000 in 2001 and 9,60,000 in 2011. Calculate the decadal population growth rate.
Concept understanding — Demographic Features of India
India's population profile, as recorded in Census 2011 (the last complete Census, 2021 not having been conducted), is described through indicators such as total size (1,210.9 million), decadal growth rate (17.7% for 2001-2011), density (382 persons per sq. km), sex ratio (943 females per 1,000 males) and literacy rate (74.04%). These indicators together describe the size, distribution and quality profile of the population that the rest of this chapter builds on. The decadal growth rate between two Census years is computed as Growth Rate (%)=Pt−1Pt−Pt−1×100.
The decadal growth rate is found by comparing the increase in population to the earlier year's population, expressed as a percentage.
Growth rate = (increase ÷ earlier population) × 100 = 20%.
The decadal population growth rate is 20%.
Given: Population in 2001 (Pt−1) = 8,00,000; Population in 2011 (Pt) = 9,60,000.
Formula:
Growth Rate (%)=Pt−1Pt−Pt−1×100
Step 1 — Find the absolute increase:
Pt−Pt−1=9,60,000−8,00,000=1,60,000
Step 2 — Apply the formula:
Growth Rate=8,00,0001,60,000×100=20%
Independent verification (cross-check): 8,00,000×1.20=9,60,000, which exactly matches the given 2011 figure, confirming the computation.
The decadal population growth rate is 20%.
An alternative check: since the population grew from 8,00,000 to 9,60,000, it grew by a factor of 9,60,000 / 8,00,000 = 1.20, i.e. a 20% increase — the same answer reached from the other direction, confirming the result.
A frequent error is dividing the increase by the LATER year's population instead of the earlier year's — the denominator must always be Pt−1 (the base/earlier year), not Pt.
- CBSE 2024Set ANNUAL2 marksQ.Write a short note on: Population Explosion
›Reveal solutionSolution
Population explosion is the very rapid growth of population in a short time, arising when the death rate falls sharply (through better health care) while the birth rate stays high; it strains food, resources, jobs and development.
This is a 2-mark short note in the AP Intermediate 2nd-year Economics population unit.
Population explosion means an extremely fast increase in the number of people over a short period. It occurs mainly during the stage of demographic transition when improvements in medicine, sanitation and food supply bring the death rate down quickly, but the birth rate remains high because of social and economic factors. The result is a very high rate of natural increase. For India this has meant pressure on land, food, housing, employment, education and health services, and it slows the rise in per capita income — which is why population control became an important policy goal.
✓Final answerPopulation explosion is a sudden, very rapid growth of population caused by a sharp fall in the death rate while the birth rate remains high, putting severe pressure on resources, employment and development.
- CBSE 2023Set ANNUAL2 marksQ.Population Explosion.
›Reveal solutionSolution
Population explosion is a rapid, abnormal rise in population caused by a steep fall in the death rate while the birth rate stays high. In India it strains resources, employment and development.
This is a 2-mark short note in AP Intermediate 2nd year Economics, part of the population and human resources theme, treated in line with the NCERT/CBSE curriculum.
Meaning. Population explosion refers to a very rapid and large increase in the population of a country within a short span of time. It occurs when the death rate falls sharply - because of better medical facilities, control of epidemics and famines, and improved sanitation - while the birth rate continues to remain high. India has experienced such a situation since independence, and the rapidly growing population creates heavy pressure on land, food, housing, employment, education and other resources, slowing the pace of economic development.
✓Final answerPopulation explosion is a sudden, rapid increase in a country's population caused mainly by a sharp fall in the death rate while the birth rate stays high. In India it has placed heavy pressure on resources, employment and development.
- CBSE 2020Set ANNUAL2 marksQ.Population Explosion.
›Reveal solutionSolution
Population explosion means an unusually rapid rise in population, which in India resulted from a high birth rate continuing while the death rate fell quickly because of improved medical care, nutrition and sanitation. The gap between births and deaths produced a very fast population growth that strains resources and development. This is an AP Intermediate 2nd-year Economics topic on population.
Population explosion refers to a sudden and very rapid increase in the size of a population over a short period. In India this occurred mainly after the 1920s and accelerated after Independence, because:
- The birth rate remained high owing to early marriage, lack of education, poverty, social customs and limited use of family planning.
- The death rate fell sharply because of advances in medical facilities, control of epidemics and famines, better nutrition, clean water and sanitation.
- The wide gap between the high birth rate and the falling death rate caused a rapid natural increase in population.
Effects: population explosion increases pressure on land, food, housing, employment, education and health services, lowers per-capita income, and makes economic development more difficult.
✓Final answerPopulation explosion is the rapid and sudden increase in population caused by the birth rate remaining high while the death rate falls sharply due to better medical care, food and sanitation. The large gap between births and deaths produces fast population growth, which strains resources, employment and public services and hampers development.
- CBSE 2020Set ANNUAL2 marksQ.Write a short note on: Literacy Rate.
›Reveal solutionSolution
Literacy rate is the proportion of the population aged seven and above that can read and write with understanding, expressed as a percentage. It is an important measure of social progress and human development; as per the 2011 Census, India's literacy rate was about 74 per cent, with male literacy higher than female. This is an AP Intermediate 2nd-year Economics topic on demographic features.
Meaning: Literacy rate is defined as the percentage of the population in the age group of seven years and above that is able to read and write with understanding in at least one language. Children below seven years are excluded from the count.
Significance:
- It is an important indicator of the social and human development of a country.
- A higher literacy rate reflects a more educated, skilled and aware population and supports economic development.
- It helps in improving productivity, health awareness, family planning and participation in social and economic life.
In India: literacy has risen steadily since Independence; according to the 2011 Census the overall literacy rate was about 74 per cent, with male literacy higher than female literacy, and wide differences between states and between rural and urban areas.
✓Final answerLiteracy rate is the percentage of the population aged seven years and above that can read and write with understanding in any one language. It is a key indicator of social and human development, and India's literacy rate was about 74 per cent according to the 2011 Census, with male literacy higher than female.
- CBSE 2019Set ANNUAL2 marksQ.Write a short note on: Population Explosion
›Reveal solutionSolution
Population explosion is a very rapid and sudden rise in population caused by a sharp fall in the death rate while the birth rate stays high. It strains food, resources, employment and development in a country like India.
Population explosion is studied under Population and Human Resources Development in the AP Intermediate 2nd-year Economics course (aligned with the NCERT/CBSE commerce curriculum).
Meaning and causes. Population explosion means an unusually fast growth of population over a short period. It happens mainly because improvements in health care, sanitation and medical facilities have reduced the death rate sharply, while the birth rate has fallen only slowly and remains high. The wide gap between a high birth rate and a low death rate produces a rapid natural increase in population.
Effects. In India, population explosion increases the pressure on land, food, housing, education, health and jobs, lowers per capita income and makes development more difficult, which is why family planning and population control are important.
✓Final answerPopulation explosion is a very rapid and sudden increase in population that occurs when the death rate falls sharply due to better health facilities while the birth rate remains high; in India it puts heavy pressure on resources, employment and per capita income, making population control essential.
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