Q.How are vitamins classified? Name the vitamin responsible for the coagulation of blood.
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Water Soluble Vitamins: The First Meeting
Imagine you drop a spoonful of sugar into a glass of water. It dissolves completely, disappears into the liquid, and you can't see it anymore — but it's still there, molecule by molecule, spread evenly throughout the water. That's exactly what "water soluble" means: the substance mixes with water at the molecular level.
Now, a vitamin is a tiny organic compound your body needs in small amounts to function properly — it helps enzymes do their jobs, keeps your skin healthy, helps you see, and so on. Your body cannot make most vitamins on its own, so you must get them from food.
Put the two together: a water soluble vitamin is a vitamin that dissolves in water. This single property — solubility — determines almost everything about how these vitamins behave in your body.
The Precise Statement
Water soluble vitamins are vitamins that dissolve in water, are not stored in significant amounts in the body, and are excreted in urine when consumed in excess. They must be consumed regularly (daily or almost daily) to prevent deficiency.
The group includes the B-complex vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12) and Vitamin C. That's 9 vitamins total.
Why Solubility Matters So Much
Think about fat. Fat and water don't mix — oil floats on top of water. Fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) behave like oil: they dissolve in fat, get stored in your liver and fatty tissues, and can stay in your body for weeks or months. You don't need them every single day.
Water soluble vitamins are the opposite. Because they dissolve in water, they travel freely in your blood (which is mostly water). But your kidneys are constantly filtering your blood and removing excess water-soluble substances into urine. So if you take more Vitamin C than your body needs right now, the extra gets flushed out within hours.
This does not mean you can take unlimited amounts safely. Very high doses of some water soluble vitamins (especially B6 and niacin/B3) can cause toxicity — just not as easily as fat soluble vitamins.
The Practical Consequences
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You need them frequently — ideally every day. Missing a day won't cause immediate harm, but weeks of low intake will lead to deficiency diseases (scurvy for Vitamin C, beriberi for B1, pellagra for B3, etc.).
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Cooking destroys them — because they dissolve in water, boiling vegetables leaches vitamins into the cooking water. If you throw that water away, you lose the vitamins. Steaming or microwaving with minimal water preserves them better.
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They are fragile — heat, light, and air can break them down. That's why fresh fruits and vegetables lose vitamin content over time.
The Two Families
| Family | Members | Key Role |
|--------|---------|----------| …
Why this formula?
Vitamin Classification: Understanding the Why Behind the System
Vitamins are organic compounds that our body needs in small amounts for normal metabolism, growth, and health — but cannot synthesize in sufficient quantities. The classification system exists because it helps us understand how vitamins work and why deficiencies cause specific diseases.
Why Are Vitamins Classified This Way?
The primary classification is based on solubility — not chemical structure or function. This is because solubility determines:
- How vitamins are absorbed (with fat or water)
- How they are transported in the blood
- How they are stored in the body
- How they are excreted (risk of toxicity)
The Two Major Groups
| Group | Key Property | Why This Matters |
|---|---|---|
| Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) | Dissolve in fats & oils | Require dietary fat for absorption; stored in liver & adipose tissue; can accumulate to toxic levels |
| Water-soluble vitamins (B-complex, C) | Dissolve in water | Absorbed directly into blood; not stored in significant amounts; excess excreted in urine (low toxicity risk) |
The Reasoning Behind Each Group
1. Fat-Soluble Vitamins (A, D, E, K)
Why they are grouped together:
- They are nonpolar molecules — they dissolve in lipids, not water.
- Absorption requires bile salts and dietary fat (emulsification).
- They travel in blood bound to carrier proteins (since blood is water-based).
- They are stored in liver and fat tissue — the body can draw on these reserves for weeks or months.
The key formula for remembering them:
All Dogs Eat Kittens
Why this matters for exams:
- Deficiency of A → night blindness (retinol needed for rhodopsin)
- Deficiency of D → rickets (calcium absorption fails)
- Deficiency of E → hemolytic anemia (antioxidant protection lost)
- Deficiency of K → bleeding (clotting factors need K)
Toxicity risk: Because they are stored, hypervitaminosis is possible (especially A and D).
2. Water-Soluble Vitamins (B-complex + C)
Why they are grouped together:
- They are polar molecules — dissolve readily in water.
- Absorption is direct into the bloodstream (no fat needed).
- They act as coenzymes — essential helpers for enzyme reactions.
- Not stored in significant amounts — excess is excreted in urine.
The key formula for remembering them:
B-complex (B₁, B₂, B₃, B₅, B₆, B₇, B₉, B₁₂) + C
Why this matters for exams:
- B₁ (thiamine) → beriberi (energy metabolism fails)
- B₃ (niacin) → pellagra (dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea)
- B₉ (folate) → neural tube defects in pregnancy
- B₁₂ (cobalamin) → pernicious anemia (needs intrinsic factor)
- C (ascorbic acid) → scurvy (collagen synthesis fails) …
Concept: Vitamin Classification — Vitamins are grouped by solubility, which determines how they are absorbed, stored, and excreted.
Reasoning:
- Fat-soluble vitamins dissolve in fats and are stored in the liver and fatty tissues. They include vitamins A, D, E, and K.
- Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water and are not stored in large amounts; excess is excreted in urine. They include the B-complex group and vitamin C. …
Vitamins are classified into fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) and water-soluble (B-complex, C) groups based on their solubility. The vitamin responsible for blood coagulation is Vitamin K.
Why Classification Matters
Vitamins are organic compounds that our bodies need in small amounts for normal metabolism, but cannot synthesise in sufficient quantities. The most fundamental way to group them is by solubility — whether they dissolve in fat or in water. This isn't just a chemistry detail; it determines how they are absorbed, transported, stored, and excreted, which directly affects how we must obtain them from our diet.
Fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in the body's fatty tissues and liver, so you don't need them every single day — but you can also overdose on them if you take too much. Water-soluble vitamins, on the other hand, are not stored in significant amounts; excess is flushed out in urine, so you need a regular supply, but toxicity is rare.
Step-by-Step Classification
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Fat-Soluble Vitamins (A, D, E, K)
These dissolve in fats and oils. They are absorbed along with dietary fats in the small intestine and require bile salts for proper absorption. Once absorbed, they travel through the lymphatic system and are stored in the liver and adipose tissue.
- Vitamin A (retinol) — vision, immune function, skin health.
- Vitamin D (calciferol) — calcium absorption, bone health.
- Vitamin E (tocopherol) — antioxidant, protects cell membranes.
- Vitamin K (phylloquinone, menaquinone) — blood clotting (coagulation).
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Water-Soluble Vitamins (B-complex and C)
These dissolve in water and are absorbed directly into the bloodstream. They are not stored in large amounts, so excess is excreted in urine. This group includes:
- Vitamin B1 (thiamine) — energy metabolism, nerve function.
- Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) — energy production, skin health.
- Vitamin B3 (niacin) — DNA repair, metabolism.
- Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) — coenzyme A synthesis.
- Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) — amino acid metabolism, red blood cell production.
- Vitamin B7 (biotin) — fatty acid synthesis, glucose metabolism.
- Vitamin B9 (folic acid) — DNA synthesis, cell division, crucial in pregnancy.
- Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) — nerve function, red blood cell formation.
- Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) — collagen synthesis, antioxidant, iron absorption. …
Vitamin Classification — Concept-First Method
Method Name: Solubility-Based Classification
Why This Method?
Vitamins are classified by solubility because this determines how they are absorbed, transported, stored, and excreted in the body — directly affecting dietary requirements and deficiency patterns.
Steps
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Identify the two solubility groups
- Fat-soluble vitamins — dissolve in fats and oils; stored in liver and fatty tissues
- Water-soluble vitamins — dissolve in water; not stored in large amounts (excreted in urine)
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List vitamins under each group
Fat-Soluble Water-Soluble Vitamin A Vitamin B-complex (B₁, B₂, B₃, B₅, B₆, B₇, B₉, B₁₂) Vitamin D Vitamin C Vitamin E Vitamin K -
Memorize the fat-soluble group using the mnemonic
K → E → D → A (reverse alphabetical order: KEDA) …
Common Mistakes: Vitamin Classification & Blood Coagulation
Students often lose easy marks on this topic. Here are the most frequent errors and how to avoid each.
Mistake 1: Confusing Fat-Soluble vs Water-Soluble Vitamins
The Error:
Students mix up which vitamins belong to which group — especially forgetting that Vitamin K is fat-soluble, not water-soluble.
How to Avoid:
Use a simple mnemonic:
Fat-soluble: K A D E
(Think: "KADE" — all fat-soluble)
| Fat-Soluble | Water-Soluble |
|---|---|
| A, D, E, K | B-complex, C |
Key exam point: Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body (liver, fat tissue). Water-soluble vitamins are excreted in urine and need daily intake.
Mistake 2: Naming the Wrong Vitamin for Blood Clotting
The Error:
Students write Vitamin E (for coagulation) or confuse it with Vitamin K.
How to Avoid:
Remember the "K" for "Koagulation" (German spelling).
- Vitamin K is essential for synthesis of prothrombin and clotting factors II, VII, IX, X.
Correct answer: Vitamin K (specifically K₁ and K₂)
Mistake 3: Forgetting the Classification Basis
The Error:
Students list vitamins randomly without stating the basis of classification.
How to Avoid:
Always begin your answer with:
Vitamins are classified based on solubility into:
- Fat-soluble vitamins — A, D, E, K
- Water-soluble vitamins — B-complex (B₁, B₂, B₃, B₅, B₆, B₇, B₉, B₁₂) and Vitamin C
Mistake 4: Writing Incomplete or Incorrect Chemical Names
The Error:
Writing "Vitamin K is for blood clotting" without specifying its chemical name or function.
How to Avoid:
Add one precise detail:
Vitamin K (Phylloquinone / Menaquinone) — required for synthesis of prothrombin and blood coagulation factors. …
Showing the 12 most recent of 16 on this concept.
- AP EAPCET 2025Set eng-2025-05-23-AN1 markMCQQ.The deficiency of vitamin (X) causes convulsions. Source of X is Y. What are X and Y? (A) Riboflavin, milk (B) Riboflavin, fish (C) Pyridoxine, curd (D) Pyridoxine, cereals
›Reveal solutionSolution
This tests recall of a vitamin-deficiency-disease-source table (Biomolecules chapter). The answer is (D).
Concept and Intuition
Each water-soluble/fat-soluble vitamin has a characteristic deficiency disease and characteristic dietary sources, which are standard memorised facts in the biomolecules/vitamins topic.
Step-by-Step Solution
- Convulsions as a deficiency symptom is specifically associated with Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) deficiency (as opposed to Riboflavin, whose deficiency causes cheilosis/digestive disorders/eye issues).
- This rules out options (A) and (B), which name Riboflavin. …
- AP EAPCET 2024Set eng-2024-05-21-AN1 markMCQQ.Identify the correctly matched set from the following (A) Vitamin A – Water soluble – Xerophthalmia (B) Vitamin B6 – Water soluble – Scurvy (C) Vitamin D – fat soluble - Rickets (D) Vitamin C – fat soluble - convulsions
›Reveal solutionSolution
Checking solubility and deficiency disease for each vitamin, only Vitamin D – fat soluble – Rickets is a fully correct match.
Concept and Intuition
Vitamins split cleanly into two solubility classes: fat-soluble (A, D, E, K — stored in body fat, absorbed with dietary lipids) and water-soluble (B-complex and C — not stored, need regular dietary intake). Each vitamin also has a specific, well-defined deficiency disease. A "correctly matched set" question requires BOTH the solubility class and the deficiency disease to be right simultaneously.
Step-by-Step Solution
- (A) Vitamin A – Water soluble – Xerophthalmia: Vitamin A is fat-soluble, not water-soluble (it belongs to the A-D-E-K group). The disease Xerophthalmia (dryness of the cornea/conjunctiva, can progress to night blindness) is correctly linked to Vitamin A deficiency, but the solubility is wrong. → mismatch.
- (B) Vitamin B₆ – Water soluble – Scurvy: Vitamin B₆ (pyridoxine) is correctly water-soluble, but scurvy is the deficiency disease of Vitamin C, not B₆ (B₆ deficiency instead causes conditions like convulsions in infants, anaemia, and dermatitis). → mismatch on disease.
- (C) Vitamin D – fat soluble – Rickets: Vitamin D is correctly fat-soluble, and its deficiency causes Rickets in growing children (bone deformity due to poor calcium/phosphate deposition) — this is the standard, textbook-correct pairing. → fully correct. …
- AP EAPCET 2024Set eng-2024-05-21-FN1 markMCQQ.Carrot and curd are sources for the vitamins respectively (A) A, B12 (B) A, B1 (C) E, Pyridoxine (D) E, Riboflavin
›Reveal solutionSolution
Carrot supplies Vitamin A (via β-carotene) and curd supplies Vitamin B₁₂ (via bacterial fermentation), matching option (A).
Concept and Intuition
Vitamin sources are commonly tested by pairing a familiar food with its characteristic vitamin. Carrot's orange colour comes from β-carotene, the plant-derived precursor the body converts to Vitamin A (important for vision — its deficiency causes night blindness). Curd, being a fermented milk product, is enriched in Vitamin B₁₂ relative to plain milk because the fermenting bacteria synthesise it.
Step-by-Step Solution
- Identify carrot's vitamin: β-carotene → Vitamin A.
- Identify curd's vitamin: bacterial fermentation of milk enriches Vitamin B₁₂ content.
- Match to the option listing A and B₁₂ together.
Common Mistakes …
- AP EAPCET 2024Set eng-2024-05-23-FN1 markMCQQ.The deficiency of vitamin(x) causes beri beri and deficiency of vitamin (y) causes convulsions. What are x and y respectively? (A) B2, B12 (B) B1, B12 (C) B2, B6 (D) B1, B6
›Reveal solutionSolution
This tests memorised vitamin-deficiency disease pairs; beriberi is caused by B1 (thiamine) deficiency and convulsions by B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency.
Concept and Intuition
Water-soluble B-vitamins each have a specific coenzyme role, and their deficiency diseases follow directly from which metabolic pathway breaks down without them:
- B1 (Thiamine): coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism (as thiamine pyrophosphate, needed for pyruvate dehydrogenase and related steps). Deficiency → beriberi (nerve and cardiovascular symptoms — because neurons and heart muscle depend heavily on efficient glucose metabolism).
- B6 (Pyridoxine): coenzyme (as pyridoxal phosphate) in amino acid metabolism, including synthesis of neurotransmitters like GABA. Deficiency disrupts normal neuronal signalling → convulsions.
- (For contrast: B2/riboflavin deficiency → cheilosis/skin disorders; B12 deficiency → pernicious anaemia.)
Step-by-Step Solution
- Identify vitamin (x), whose deficiency causes beriberi: this is the textbook-classic association with thiamine, B1.
- Identify vitamin (y), whose deficiency causes convulsions: pyridoxine, B6, is the NCERT-cited vitamin whose deficiency leads to convulsions (via impaired neurotransmitter synthesis).
- So x = B1 and y = B6, matching option (D). …
- AP EAPCET 2023Set eng-2023-05-16-AN1 markMCQQ.Deficiency of which vitamin causes convulsions? (A) Riboflavin (B) Thiamine (C) Ascorbic acid (D) Pyridoxine
›Reveal solutionSolution
Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) deficiency is specifically linked to convulsions.
Concept and Intuition
Each B-vitamin deficiency has characteristic clinical symptoms tested commonly in biomolecule chapters: Riboflavin (B2) deficiency causes cheilosis (cracked lips) and eye/skin lesions; Thiamine (B1) deficiency causes beriberi; Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) deficiency causes scurvy; Pyridoxine (B6) deficiency is specifically associated with convulsions (it's essential for neurotransmitter synthesis).
Step-by-Step Solution
- Riboflavin deficiency → cheilosis, digestive problems — not convulsions.
- Thiamine deficiency → beriberi (nerve/muscle/heart problems) — not classically "convulsions." …
- AP EAPCET 2023Set eng-2023-05-17-FN1 markMCQQ.Match the following List - I | List - II A. Beri Beri | I. Riboflavin B. Scurvy | II. Thiamine C. Cheilosis | III. Pyridoxine D. Rickets | IV. Ascorbic acid | V. Vitamin D The correct answer is (A) A – III, B – IV, C – III, D – V (B) A – II, B – IV, C – I, D – V (C) A – III, B – V, C – I, D – II (D) A – III, B – V, C – IV, D – II
›Reveal solutionSolution
This tests matching deficiency diseases to the vitamin whose lack causes them. Answer: A–II, B–IV, C–I, D–V.
Concept and Intuition
Each vitamin deficiency produces a characteristic, well-documented disease. Recognizing these pairings is a matter of biochemical recall: Thiamine (B1) deficiency causes beriberi (nerve/cardiovascular symptoms); Riboflavin (B2) deficiency causes cheilosis (cracking at the corners of the mouth) among other symptoms; Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) deficiency causes scurvy (bleeding gums, poor wound healing); Vitamin D deficiency causes rickets (bone deformity in children) or osteomalacia in adults.
Step-by-Step Solution
- A. Beri Beri is caused by thiamine deficiency → matches List II item II (Thiamine).
- B. Scurvy is caused by ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) deficiency → matches List II item IV (Ascorbic acid). …
- AP EAPCET 2023Set eng-2023-05-19-FN1 markMCQQ.From the following, number of fat soluble and water soluble vitamins respectively are A D C B1 K B6 (A) 2, 4 (B) 4, 2 (C) 3, 3 (D) 6, 0
›Reveal solutionSolution
This tests classification of vitamins as fat-soluble vs water-soluble; out of A, D, C, B1, K, B6 there are exactly 3 fat-soluble (A, D, K) and 3 water-soluble (C, B1, B6).
Concept and Intuition
Vitamins are classified by their solubility, which determines how the body absorbs, transports, and stores them:
- Fat-soluble vitamins: A, D, E, K — absorbed along with dietary fats and can be stored in the body's fatty tissue/liver (so toxicity from excess is more of a concern for these).
- Water-soluble vitamins: the B-complex vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7 [biotin], B9, B12) and vitamin C — these are generally not stored in significant amounts and excess is excreted in urine, so regular dietary intake is needed.
Step-by-Step Solution
- List the given vitamins: A, D, C, B1, K, B6.
- Classify each:
- A — fat-soluble
- D — fat-soluble
- C — water-soluble
- B1 — water-soluble (B-complex)
- K — fat-soluble …
- AP EAPCET 2022Set ap-2022-07-11-FN1 markMCQQ.Chose the correct statement (A) Vitamin A & K are insoluble in water and can be stored in Adipose tissue (B) Vitamin A & K are soluble in water and can be stored in Adipose tissue (C) Vitamin A & K are soluble in water but cannot be stored in Adipose tissue (D) Vitamin A & K are insoluble in water but cannot be stored in Adipose tissue
›Reveal solutionSolution
This tests the basic classification of vitamins into water-soluble and fat-soluble groups, and the associated fact that fat-soluble vitamins are stored in adipose tissue.
Concept and Intuition
Vitamins are broadly classified as fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) or water-soluble (B-complex, C). Fat-soluble vitamins dissolve in lipids, are absorbed along with dietary fats, and — because the body has no efficient way to excrete excess lipophilic substances via urine — they accumulate and are stored in adipose (fat) tissue and the liver. Water-soluble vitamins, by contrast, are not stored in significant amounts and excess is excreted in urine.
Step-by-Step Solution
- Classify vitamins A and K: both belong to the fat-soluble group (along with D and E).
- Fat-soluble vitamins are, by definition, insoluble/poorly soluble in water. …
- AP EAPCET 2022Set eng-2022-07-04-AN1 markMCQQ.Pernicious anemia is caused due to deficiency of which vitamin? (A) B12 (B) B1 (C) B6 (D) B2
›Reveal solutionSolution
Direct biochemistry recall: pernicious anaemia is the classic disease of vitamin B12 deficiency. Answer: B12.
Concept and Intuition
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is required for DNA synthesis in rapidly dividing cells, including the bone marrow's red blood cell precursors. Its deficiency (often due to lack of "intrinsic factor", a stomach glycoprotein needed for its absorption in the small intestine) leads to defective maturation of red blood cells, producing large, immature, dysfunctional red cells — the condition called pernicious anaemia.
Step-by-Step Solution
- Recall the vitamin deficiency diseases: B1 (thiamine) → beriberi; B2 (riboflavin) → cheilosis; B6 (pyridoxine) → convulsions/anaemia (different mechanism); B12 (cobalamin) → pernicious anaemia. …
- AP EAPCET 2022Set eng-2022-07-08-FN1 markMCQQ.Thiamine is (A) Nitrogenous base (B) Amino acid (C) Hormone (D) Vitamin
›Reveal solutionSolution
Thiamine is the common/chemical name of Vitamin B1. Answer: (D) Vitamin.
Concept and Intuition
Vitamins are organic compounds required in small amounts in the diet for normal metabolic function, and each has both a common vitamin-letter name and a specific chemical name. Thiamine is the chemical name given specifically to Vitamin B1, a water-soluble B-complex vitamin. In the body, thiamine is converted into its active coenzyme form, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), which plays a central role as a cofactor in carbohydrate metabolism (e.g., in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex). A deficiency of thiamine/Vitamin B1 causes the disease beriberi, characterized by nerve and cardiovascular problems — a classic NCERT/biomolecules-chapter fact.
Step-by-Step Solution
- Identify what thiamine refers to: it is the chemical/common name for a specific water-soluble vitamin.
- Recall that thiamine = Vitamin B1 (part of the B-complex group of vitamins). …
- AP EAPCET 2021Set ap-2021-09-07-FN1 markMCQQ.Match the following? Vitamin — Source.(a) Vitamin-D —(i) Fish liver oil.(b) Vitamin-E —(ii) Green leafy vegetables.(c) Vitamin-A —(iii) Egg yolk.(d) Vitamin-K —(iv) Sunflower Oil. (A) (a-iii), (b-ii), (c-iv), (d-i) (B) (a-iv), (b-iii), (c-ii), (d-i) (C) (a-iii), (b-iv), (c-i), (d-ii) (D) (a-iv), (b-ii), (c-iii), (d-i)
›Reveal solutionSolution
This tests recall of standard vitamin-source pairings; the correct match is Vitamin-D→egg yolk, Vitamin-E→sunflower oil, Vitamin-A→fish liver oil, Vitamin-K→green leafy vegetables.
Concept and Intuition
Each fat-soluble vitamin has a textbook-associated primary dietary source used in matching-type questions. Vitamin-A (retinol) is classically tied to fish liver oil (cod-liver oil is the iconic vitamin-A supplement). Vitamin-E (tocopherol) is most abundant in vegetable oils, sunflower oil being a prototypical example. Vitamin-K (phylloquinone) is overwhelmingly sourced from green leafy vegetables (spinach, cabbage) — this is the most universally taught pairing ('K for greens'). Vitamin-D, besides being synthesized via sunlight, is dietarily obtained from animal products like egg yolk.
Step-by-Step Solution
- Vitamin-K → green leafy vegetables is the most certain, well-established pairing, which immediately rules out any option pairing K with fish liver oil.
- Vitamin-A → fish liver oil is the other very well-established classic pairing.
- With A and K fixed to (i) and (ii) respectively, the remaining two sources (egg yolk, sunflower oil) must go to D and E.
- Vitamin-E's most emphasized source in nutrition tables is vegetable/seed oils (sunflower oil) — so E → (iv). …
- AP EAPCET 2021Set ap-2021-09-06-FN1 markMCQQ.Deficiency of Riboflavin causes the disease ________ (A) Hemophilia (B) Rickets (C) Beriberi (D) Cheilosis
›Reveal solutionSolution
Riboflavin (B2) deficiency causes cheilosis — cracking at the corners of the mouth. Answer: (D).
Concept and Intuition
Each water-soluble B-vitamin has a signature deficiency disease tied to its metabolic role. Riboflavin (B2) is a precursor of the coenzymes FAD/FMN, central to cellular oxidation-reduction reactions; its deficiency particularly affects rapidly dividing epithelial tissue such as the skin and mucous membranes around the mouth, producing cheilosis (fissuring at the lip corners), angular stomatitis, and glossitis.
Step-by-Step Solution
- Identify riboflavin as Vitamin B2. …
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