Q.Why are the last two lines put within brackets?

Personification in Poetry

You already know what a person is — someone who walks, talks, feels, decides, gets angry, or whispers secrets. Now imagine a river doing any of those things. That feels strange at first, but poets do it all the time. They give human qualities to things that aren't human: a tree that "waves," a wind that "howls," a sun that "smiles." That's personification.

The Intuition

Think about the last time you said "my phone is being stubborn today." You know a phone can't actually be stubborn — it's a slab of glass and metal. But saying it that way makes your frustration feel real. It turns a dead object into something you can argue with. That's the heart of personification: we borrow human traits to make non-human things feel alive, relatable, or dramatic.

Poets do this because poetry is about emotion, not just facts. A "sad rain" hits you differently than "precipitation at 3 mm/hr." Personification bridges the gap between the world of things and the world of feelings.

The Precise Statement

The key is that the thing being described is not human, but the verb or adjective used is something only a human would normally do or feel.

Examples to Lock It In