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Miscellaneous Exercise · Q13

Q.If (a+ib)(c+id)(e+if)(g+ih)=A+iB(a + ib)(c + id)(e + if)(g + ih) = A + iB, then show that (a2+b2)(c2+d2)(e2+f2)(g2+h2)=A2+B2(a^{2} + b^{2})(c^{2} + d^{2})(e^{2} + f^{2})(g^{2} + h^{2}) = A^{2} + B^{2}.

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The product of complex numbers multiplies their moduli, and the modulus squared of a complex number equals the sum of squares of its real and imaginary parts. So the given identity follows directly from ∣z1z2z3z4∣2=∣z1∣2∣z2∣2∣z3∣2∣z4∣2|z_1 z_2 z_3 z_4|^2 = |z_1|^2 |z_2|^2 |z_3|^2 |z_4|^2.

The problem asks you to connect a product of four complex numbers with the product of their individual "lengths." This is a classic application of the modulus (or absolute value) of a complex number.

For any complex number z=x+iyz = x + iy, its modulus is defined as ∣z∣=x2+y2|z| = \sqrt{x^2 + y^2}. Squaring that gives ∣z∣2=x2+y2|z|^2 = x^2 + y^2. That's exactly the form (a2+b2)(a^2 + b^2) you see on the left side of the target equation — it's ∣a+ib∣2|a+ib|^2.

Now, the key property: when you multiply complex numbers, their moduli multiply. That is, ∣z1z2∣=∣z1∣∣z2∣|z_1 z_2| = |z_1| |z_2|. This holds for any number of factors: ∣z1z2⋯zn∣=∣z1∣∣z2∣⋯∣zn∣|z_1 z_2 \cdots z_n| = |z_1| |z_2| \cdots |z_n|.

So here, let:

  • z1=a+ibz_1 = a + ib
  • z2=c+idz_2 = c + id
  • z3=e+ifz_3 = e + if
  • z4=g+ihz_4 = g + ih

Their product is given as A+iBA + iB. Therefore:

∣z1z2z3z4∣=∣A+iB∣|z_1 z_2 z_3 z_4| = |A + iB|

But by the product property:

∣z1z2z3z4∣=∣z1∣∣z2∣∣z3∣∣z4∣|z_1 z_2 z_3 z_4| = |z_1| |z_2| |z_3| |z_4|

Now square both sides:

∣z1∣2∣z2∣2∣z3∣2∣z4∣2=∣A+iB∣2|z_1|^2 |z_2|^2 |z_3|^2 |z_4|^2 = |A + iB|^2

And since ∣x+iy∣2=x2+y2|x+iy|^2 = x^2 + y^2 for any complex number, we get:

(a2+b2)(c2+d2)(e2+f2)(g2+h2)=A2+B2(a^2 + b^2)(c^2 + d^2)(e^2 + f^2)(g^2 + h^2) = A^2 + B^2

That's the entire proof — it's really just one idea applied cleanly. …

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