Q.Attempt any one from A and B given below: (A) SITUATION VACANT — NAV JEEVAN PUBLIC SCHOOL requires Senior Computer Teacher. Eligibility requirements – Post-graduate in Computer Science with minimum 5 years work experience as a computer teacher. Mention additional skills, interest and achievements. Contact – Principal, Nav Jeevan Public School. You are Samera/Sameer. Write a letter of application for the above mentioned post in 120-150 words. Include a detailed bio-data.

Showing the 12 most recent of 28 on this concept.

1. CBSE 2026Set 1/1/11 markMCQ
   Q.What emotion does the speaker reveal in the opening lines of the extract? (A) curiosity (B) bitterness (C) indifference (D) detachment (A Roadside Stand)

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   The opening lines of A Roadside Stand reveal the speaker's bitterness — a sorrowful anger at the way the wealthy, speeding city world ignores the poor who put up the stand. The answer is (B).

   Frost begins with the image of a small, poor roadside stand set up in the hope that passing cars will stop and buy something. The way he describes it — the little old house, the shed, the almost pitiful pleading of the stall — is charged with feeling. The speaker is clearly not a detached onlooker.

   Weighing the options:

   • (A) curiosity suggests a neutral, questioning attitude, but the speaker is not merely wondering about the scene; he is troubled by it.
   • (C) indifference is the opposite of what he feels; he is deeply affected. …

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2. CBSE 2026Set 1/1/11 mark
   Q.What does the speaker imply when he says that the hurt to the scenery would not be his complaint? (A Roadside Stand)

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   The speaker implies that his primary concern is not the aesthetic disruption caused by the roadside stand, but rather the profound economic hardship and unfulfilled hopes of its owners.

   Robert Frost's "A Roadside Stand" is a poignant exploration of the stark contrast between the lives of city dwellers and the impoverished rural folk. The poem sets the scene with a small, crudely built stand by the side of a country road, an earnest attempt by its owners to attract the attention of passing city cars and sell their humble goods. These city folk, often speeding by in their expensive vehicles, represent a world of prosperity and opportunity that remains largely inaccessible to the villagers.

   When the speaker says that "the hurt to the scenery would not be his complaint," he is drawing a crucial distinction between superficial concerns and deeper human suffering. Many urbanites, accustomed to picturesque landscapes and often detached from the realities of rural poverty, might indeed perceive such a stand as an eyesore, a blemish on the natural beauty of the countryside. Their complaint, if they had one, would likely stem from an aesthetic perspective, a perceived degradation of the environment.

   However, the speaker's perspective is far more empathetic and profound. He understands that the stand, despite its humble appearance, represents the desperate efforts of its owners to earn a livelihood. His concern is not with the visual impact on the landscape, but with the human cost involved. He sees beyond the physical structure to the "childish longing in vain" – the earnest hope of the villagers for a small share of the prosperity that passes them by, a hope that is consistently ignored.

   His true complaint, therefore, lies in:

   • The economic disparity: The vast gap between the wealth of the city and the poverty of the countryside, where basic necessities are a struggle.
   • The unfulfilled hopes: The villagers' yearning for a better life, for some financial relief, for a chance to participate in the economic mainstream, which remains largely out of reach.
   • The urban indifference: The lack of empathy, understanding, and genuine connection from those who could easily offer a little help, but choose instead to speed past, often with disdain or disinterest. …

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3. CBSE 2026Set 1/2/11 markMCQ
   Q.Gandhi's method of engaging with the officials, as depicted in the passage, primarily demonstrated: (A) The power of non-violent resistance and moral authority. (B) His willingness to compromise on key principles for cooperation. (C) A tactical retreat to gain future advantages. (D) A strategy of negotiation and reconciliation. (Indigo)

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   Gandhi's engagement with officials in Champaran demonstrated the power of non-violent resistance and moral authority, refusing to compromise while compelling the administration to recognize his legitimacy through sheer moral force.

   The Champaran episode marks a turning point in Gandhi's political method in India, and the passage from "Indigo" captures the essence of his approach when confronting British authority. When Gandhi arrived in Champaran in 1917 to investigate the grievances of indigo sharecroppers, he was ordered to leave the district by the local officials. His response to this order reveals the core of his political philosophy.

   Gandhi did not comply with the departure order, nor did he negotiate a middle ground. Instead, he courteously but firmly refused, stating that he would disobey the order and accept whatever penalty the law imposed. This was civil disobedience in its purest form—a deliberate, open, and peaceful violation of what he considered an unjust order, coupled with a willingness to face the consequences. The officials found themselves in an unprecedented situation: a man who neither fled nor fought back, but simply stood his ground on moral principle.

   What made this approach so effective was the moral authority it generated. The news of Gandhi's defiance and impending trial spread rapidly, and thousands of peasants gathered in spontaneous support. The officials, accustomed to either violent resistance (which they could suppress) or fearful compliance (which they could ignore), had no playbook for dealing with someone who combined absolute non-violence with absolute non-cooperation. The Lieutenant Governor eventually ordered the case to be dropped, and Gandhi was allowed to conduct his inquiry—a stunning victory achieved without a single act of violence or any compromise on principle.

   Important

   Gandhi did not negotiate away any of his objectives or principles. He did not agree to leave in exchange for future concessions, nor did he soften his stance to make the officials comfortable. His "engagement" was not a dialogue seeking middle ground but a demonstration that moral conviction, transparently held and peacefully maintained, could compel even a colonial administration to yield. …

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4. CBSE 2026Set 1/2/11 markMCQ
   Q.Select the correct option from those given in brackets to fill in the blanks. The reaction of the officials when Gandhi regulated the crowd was of ________. (bafflement / indifference) (Indigo)

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   The officials were baffled, not indifferent, because Gandhi’s ability to regulate a massive, charged crowd with a simple gesture contradicted their expectation of a violent, uncontrollable peasant uprising.

   The scene is set in Champaran, 1917. Gandhi had been summoned to a courtroom, and a vast crowd of peasants had gathered outside, pressing against the building. The British officials, accustomed to seeing Indian crowds as unruly mobs that needed to be controlled with force, expected chaos. They anticipated shouting, pushing, perhaps even violence. Instead, what they witnessed left them utterly disoriented.

   When Gandhi emerged and made a slight gesture — a mere wave of his hand — the entire crowd fell silent and orderly. They did not surge forward or demand anything. They simply waited, following his unspoken instruction. This was not the behaviour of a mob. It was the behaviour of a disciplined army, but an army of volunteers, not soldiers. The officials had no framework to understand this. They had prepared for a confrontation with a rabble-rousing lawyer, but they found themselves facing a moral leader whose authority over the people was absolute and peaceful.

   Note

   The word “bafflement” captures this sense of being completely at a loss. “Indifference” would imply the officials did not care about Gandhi’s control over the crowd. In reality, they cared deeply — they were watching, and they were stunned. …

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5. CBSE 2026Set 1/2/11 mark
   Q.Complete the following sentence suitably: The government's decision to postpone the trial to consult higher authorities implies that they _______. (Indigo)

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   The postponement shows that the authorities were baffled and unsure — unable to deal with Gandhi's calm, non-violent disobedience, they hesitated and passed the decision up to their superiors.

   The episode belongs to Gandhi's Champaran campaign of 1917. Ordered by the local administration to leave the district, Gandhi politely refused, choosing instead to disobey and accept whatever penalty the law imposed. He was promptly served a summons to appear in court at Motihari. What followed took the officials completely by surprise.

   News of Gandhi's stand spread quickly, and on the day of the hearing thousands of peasants surrounded the courthouse in a spontaneous show of solidarity. The administration, accustomed to controlling people through fear, had no idea how to handle a crowd that was disciplined, peaceful and clearly on Gandhi's side. Faced with this, the prosecutor asked for the trial to be postponed, evidently to seek instructions from his superiors. …

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6. CBSE 2026Set 1/2/11 mark
   Q.Complete the following with a suitable reason: Gandhi asked for the penalty due because _______. (Indigo)

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   Gandhi asked for the penalty due because he had deliberately disobeyed an unjust order and, true to his principle of civil disobedience, was ready to accept the legal punishment openly instead of evading it.

   The moment comes during Gandhi's trial at Motihari in 1917. He had been ordered to leave Champaran, and he had refused, choosing instead to stay and investigate the plight of the indigo sharecroppers. Summoned before the court, he might have argued the case or asked for leniency. He did neither.

   Instead, Gandhi pleaded guilty. He explained that he had disobeyed the order not out of any disrespect for lawful authority, but in obedience to a higher moral duty — the voice of conscience. Having broken the order knowingly, he felt it was only right that he should also bear its consequences. So he asked the magistrate to impose the penalty that the law prescribed. …

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7. CBSE 2026Set 1/3/11 markMCQ
   Q.Choose the option that stands as an example of 'act of defiance': (A) She immediately yielded to the request of her brother. (B) Sunil was frightened by the noise of the explosion. (C) Despite his father's strict warning, Arun ventured out in the night. (D) The manager humiliated the peon in front of the entire staff. (Indigo)

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   An act of defiance is a conscious refusal to obey or a bold resistance against authority, rules, or expectations, often despite potential consequences.

   Understanding what constitutes an 'act of defiance' is crucial not just for language comprehension but also for appreciating historical narratives, where individuals or groups often challenge established powers or norms. Defiance is more than simple disobedience; it carries a connotation of open, often bold, resistance against something perceived as unjust, restrictive, or simply against one's will, especially when an authority figure or a set rule is involved. It's a deliberate choice to go against the grain, knowing there might be repercussions.

   Consider these characteristics of defiance:

   • Conscious Opposition: The individual or group is aware of the rule, warning, or expectation they are violating.
   • Against Authority/Rules: The action is directed against a person in power, an established regulation, or a societal norm.
   • Intentional Resistance: It's not an accidental oversight but a deliberate choice to resist or refuse compliance.
   • Potential Consequences: Often, an act of defiance carries the risk of punishment, disapproval, or negative outcomes.

   Let's examine the given options through this lens:

   • (A) She immediately yielded to the request of her brother.

     To "yield" means to give in or surrender. This action demonstrates compliance and obedience, which is the direct opposite of defiance. There is no resistance or opposition here.

   • (B) Sunil was frightened by the noise of the explosion.

     Being frightened is an emotional reaction to a stimulus. It is a passive response, not an active choice to resist or oppose anything. This option describes a feeling, not an act of defiance.

   • (C) Despite his father's strict warning, Arun ventured out in the night. …

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8. CBSE 2026Set 1/3/11 markMCQ
   Q.The above extract suggests that Gandhi was more concerned about ____________ (politics/people). (Indigo)

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   Gandhi's actions during the Indigo movement in Champaran unequivocally demonstrate his primary concern was the welfare and justice of the oppressed indigo sharecroppers, the 'people'.

   The extract points to a fundamental aspect of Mahatma Gandhi's early political strategy in India: his deep-seated concern for the common person. The Indigo movement, specifically in Champaran, Bihar, serves as a powerful illustration of this principle. To understand why Gandhi was more concerned about people than abstract politics, we must delve into the context and his approach.

   The Champaran district was home to thousands of indigo sharecroppers who were subjected to an oppressive system known as 'tinkathia'. Under this system, peasants were compelled by European planters to cultivate indigo on 3/20ths of their land and sell the produce at prices fixed by the planters. This arrangement was exploitative, especially after the development of synthetic indigo in Germany, which drastically reduced the demand for natural indigo. Despite this, the planters often demanded compensation from the peasants to release them from the contracts, further burdening an already impoverished populace.

   It was in this grim scenario that Rajkumar Shukla, a local peasant, approached Gandhi, urging him to visit Champaran and witness the suffering firsthand. Gandhi, upon his arrival, did not immediately launch a large-scale political agitation. Instead, his first action was to gather facts. He visited villages, meticulously interviewing the peasants and understanding their grievances directly. He also met with lawyers and officials, but his primary focus remained on documenting the plight of the sharecroppers. This methodical, ground-level investigation was a clear indication of his commitment to understanding and addressing the people's problems.

   Note

   Gandhi's initial fact-finding mission in Champaran was crucial. It allowed him to build a strong, evidence-based case for the peasants, which was difficult for the authorities to dismiss outright. This approach also built trust among the local population.

   When the British officials ordered Gandhi to leave Champaran, he refused. He declared that he had come to help the "multitudes" and considered the official order a matter of conscience, choosing to defy it. This act of civil disobedience was not an end in itself; it was a means to stand in solidarity with the oppressed and ensure their voices were heard. His defiance led to his arrest, but the sheer number of peasants who gathered in support forced the authorities to release him and eventually drop the case.

   Important

   Gandhi's willingness to defy authority and face arrest for the sake of the peasants' rights was a pivotal moment. It demonstrated his unwavering commitment to the people and introduced the power of Satyagraha (truth-force) as a tool for social justice in India. …

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9. CBSE 2026Set 1/3/11 mark
   Q.What does the writer mean by the expression 'typical Gandhi pattern' ? (Indigo)

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   The 'typical Gandhi pattern' refers to Gandhi's distinctive method of political action: a thorough, patient investigation of facts on the ground, followed by mass mobilization only after building an unassailable case and exhausting negotiation.

   When Louis Fischer uses the phrase "typical Gandhi pattern" in Indigo, he is pointing to a method of political struggle that Gandhi had refined and would deploy again and again across India's freedom movement. This wasn't improvisation; it was a deliberate, almost scientific approach to confronting injustice.

   The pattern had several recognizable stages. Gandhi never rushed into agitation. When he arrived in Champaran in 1917, he didn't immediately organize protests or call for strikes against the indigo planters. Instead, he spent months gathering testimony from thousands of peasants, village by village, meticulously documenting the abuses of the tinkathia system. He wanted an irrefutable record, a foundation of truth that no official could dismiss or deny. This painstaking fact-finding was the first hallmark of his method.

   Only after this groundwork did Gandhi move to the next stage: negotiation and moral pressure. He approached the British authorities and the planters not as an enemy but as someone armed with undeniable evidence, appealing to their sense of justice and self-interest. He gave them every opportunity to correct the wrong voluntarily. If they refused or resorted to repression—as they did when they ordered him to leave Champaran—he responded with disciplined civil disobedience, accepting arrest calmly and turning the legal process itself into a stage for exposing injustice.

   Note

   The Champaran episode became a template. Gandhi would later use the same pattern in Kheda (1918), during the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–22), the Salt March (1930), and beyond—each time beginning with investigation, building public support, and escalating only when negotiation failed. …

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10. CBSE 2025Set 1/4/11 markMCQ
    Q.Which of the following does the imagery in the given extract NOT represent? (A) energy (B) liveliness (C) shade (D) vitality (My Mother at Sixty-six)

    ›Reveal solutionSolution

    The imagery of "trees sprinting" and "merry children" in "My Mother at Sixty-six" primarily represents youth, energy, and vitality, contrasting with the mother's aging. It does NOT represent shade.

    The poem "My Mother at Sixty-six" by Kamala Das uses vivid imagery to convey the poet's feelings about her aging mother. A key technique employed is the use of contrasting images. While the mother is depicted as frail and pale, the world outside the car window is shown as vibrant and full of life. The question asks what this contrasting imagery does NOT represent.

    The intuition here is to understand the purpose of these specific images. The poet deliberately chooses "trees sprinting" and "merry children spilling out of their homes" to highlight a stark difference. These images are not just descriptive; they are symbolic. They represent everything the aging mother is losing or has lost: youth, vigor, and unbridled life.

    1. Identify the relevant imagery: The question refers to the imagery used in the poem, specifically the contrasting images seen outside the car window. These are "trees sprinting" and "merry children spilling out of their homes."

    2. Analyze the connotations of the imagery:

       • "Trees sprinting": Trees are typically static, but here they are personified as "sprinting," implying rapid movement, speed, and a dynamic quality. This suggests energy and life.
       • "Merry children spilling out of their homes": Children are inherently associated with youth, joy, and boundless energy. "Merry" emphasizes happiness and cheerfulness, while "spilling out" suggests an overflowing, uncontrolled burst of activity and life.

    3. Evaluate option (A) energy: Both "sprinting" trees and "merry children spilling" strongly convey a sense of energy. Sprinting is an energetic action, and children at play are full of energy. Therefore, the imagery does represent energy.

    4. Evaluate option (B) liveliness: "Merry children" directly implies liveliness and cheerfulness. The dynamic action of "sprinting" trees also contributes to a sense of being alive and active. Therefore, the imagery does represent liveliness. …

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11. CBSE 2025Set 1/4/11 markMCQ
    Q.Select the correct option from those given in the brackets to fill in the blank. The given phrase illustrates the poet's _____________. (irony/imagery) (My Mother at Sixty-six)

    ›Reveal solutionSolution

    The phrase from My Mother at Sixty-six uses vivid sensory description to paint a picture of the ageing mother, making this a case of imagery.

    When we talk about literary devices, the distinction between irony and imagery comes down to purpose and technique. Imagery appeals to the senses—sight, sound, touch, taste, smell—to create a mental picture or evoke a feeling. Irony, on the other hand, involves a contrast between expectation and reality, or between what is said and what is meant.

    Kamala Das's poem My Mother at Sixty-six is built almost entirely on visual observation. The poet looks at her mother and records what she sees with striking clarity.

    Let me walk through the key moments:

    1. The opening description: The poet describes her mother's face as "ashen like that of a corpse"—a simile that creates a powerful visual image of pallor and lifelessness. This is pure imagery: we see the grey, drained colour.

    2. The comparison to late winter's moon: The mother's face is compared to "late winter's moon"—pale, wan, lacking warmth. Again, this is a visual metaphor that helps us picture the mother's appearance and, by extension, her frailty.

    3. The contrast with the world outside: The poet looks out at "young trees sprinting" and "merry children spilling out of their homes." These images of vitality and movement stand in sharp contrast to the stillness and decay she sees in her mother. The technique here is still imagery—creating pictures that work through juxtaposition. …

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12. CBSE 2025Set 1/4/11 markMCQ
    Q.Choose the correct option: The poet is unable to bear the sight of her ageing mother, because ______________. (A) her mother had refused to accompany her (B) she is upset with her mother dozing off (C) it upsets her to see the ageing face of her mother (D) she is in a hurry to reach the airport (My Mother at Sixty-six)

    ›Reveal solutionSolution

    In Kamala Das's My Mother at Sixty-six, the poet's pain comes from seeing her mother's "ashen", corpse-like face — the visible signs of ageing that force her to confront her mother's mortality. The correct option is (C).

    The moment in the poem

    Driving from her parents' home to the Cochin airport, the poet glances at her mother dozing beside her, "open mouthed, her face ashen like that of a corpse". The comparison to a corpse and, later, to "a late winter's moon" — pale, waning, near its end — makes the mother's frailty impossible to ignore. What wells up in the poet is her "old familiar ache", the childhood fear of losing her mother. That is why the sight is unbearable: it is grief and dread at ageing, not any surface irritation.

    Why the other options fail

    • (A) her mother had refused to accompany her — No refusal occurs anywhere in the poem; the mother is right there in the car, travelling with her to the airport.
    • (B) she is upset with her mother dozing off — The dozing is only the trigger, not the grievance. The poet is not annoyed at the sleeping; she is pained by what the sleeping face reveals — pallor, age, the nearness of death. …

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