Q.Discuss steps of Indian government to develop industries. [Any 5]

Government steps: Industrial Policy Resolutions, development finance institutions, liberalisation (delicensing + FDI), infrastructure/SEZs/Make-in-India, and special support to MSMEs.

Steps taken by the Indian government to develop industries (any five):

1. Industrial Policy Resolutions — the government framed policies (IPR 1948, IPR 1956, and the New Industrial Policy 1991) laying down the roles of the public and private sectors and the direction of industrial growth.
2. Development finance institutions — set up institutions such as IDBI, IFCI, ICICI, SFCs and SIDBI to provide long-term finance to industries, which private capital alone could not supply.
3. Liberalisation and reforms (1991) — abolished industrial licensing for most industries, reduced the list of reserved public-sector areas, and opened the economy to private and foreign investment (FDI), encouraging competition and modernisation.
4. Infrastructure and promotional schemes — developed power, transport and communication, established Special Economic Zones (SEZs), industrial estates and clusters, and launched initiatives like 'Make in India' and 'Start-up India' to attract investment. …