Q.Who presented four measures to know the nature and types of unemployment?

Raj Krishna presented the four measuring rods of unemployment — option (d).

The economist Raj Krishna gave four criteria (measuring rods) to measure the nature and magnitude of unemployment in India — the income criterion, time criterion, willingness (desire to work) criterion, and productivity criterion. These help capture not just open unemployment but also under-employment and disguised unemplo …

N.S.S.O. = National Sample Survey Office (formerly National Sample Survey Organisation).

The National Sample Survey Office (N.S.S.O.) is a government organisation under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation that conducts nationwide sample surveys on socio-economic topics. Its employment–unemployment surveys are a key source of data for m …

The correct option is (B) Raj Krishna, who gave the four measuring rods of unemployment.

Measuring unemployment in a developing economy like India is difficult because much of it is hidden or seasonal. Economist Raj Krishna suggested four measuring rods (criteria) — such as the time criterion, income criterion, willingness criterion and productivity criterion — to identify and measure the extent and types of unemployment. …

The correct option is (C) 15 - 64 years, the working-age population.

In measuring the workforce, the working-age (active) population is conventionally defined as persons between 15 and 64 years of age, because children below 15 are expected to be in education and those above 64 are usually retired. This group forms the pool from which the labour forc …

Unemployment means an able and willing worker not getting work at the going wage.

In GSEB Class-12 Economics, unemployment refers to a condition in which persons who are capable of working and are willing to work at the existing wage rate are unable to find suitable employment. It counts only involuntary joblessness — people who genuinely seek work — and excludes those who are unwilling to work, too young, too old, sic …

The four measures to know the nature and types of unemployment were presented by the Raj Krishna Committee — option (b).

Measuring unemployment in a developing country like India is complex, because much of it is hidden (disguised) or seasonal rather than open. The framework attributed to Raj Krishna set out measures/criteria to identify and classify unemployment by its nature and type, helping distinguish among open, disg …