Skip to content
← Economics

Economics · Class 12 Commerce

Ch 6Unemployment — Class 12 Economics, concept-first.

Unemployment is a condition in which a person who is willing and able to work at the prevailing wage rate is unable to find suitable work. The Gujarat Std 12 Economics syllabus takes up this chapter as a natural continuation of the national-income and poverty chapters studied earlier, because unemployment is one of the…

30

Q&A

6

Concepts

Not available

Exam weightage

Start learning — read this chapter →

Key concepts

Hover a concept to preview it and jump to its most relevant Q&A.

Disguised Unemployment

Disguised unemployment exists when more workers are engaged in an activity than are actually needed, so that the marginal productivity of some of them is zero or negative — everyone appears employed, but withdrawing some…

Most relevant Q&A

Start with this concept →

Chapter contents

The NCERT structure, section by section. Open a section to see its questions, then read the concept-first solution.

1

Meaning and Nature of Unemployment

Unemployment is a condition in which a person who is willing and able to work at the prevailing wage rate is unable to find suitable work.

2

Frictional, Structural and Cyclical Unemployment

Economists classify unemployment on the basis of WHY it occurs. Three types recur across almost every economy, including India's organised sector, and are studied together because each has a different…

3

Disguised and Seasonal Unemployment — the Indian Context

Beyond the frictional-structural-cyclical classification — developed mainly with industrialised, organised labour markets in mind — the Gujarat Std 12 Economics syllabus also studies two forms of unem…

4

Causes of Unemployment in India

Unemployment in India stems from several structural features of the economy rather than any single cause. The main causes studied in this chapter are:

5

Measurement of Unemployment

Unemployment is most commonly expressed as the unemployment rate — the percentage of the labour force that is unemployed:

6

Measures to Reduce Unemployment

Reducing unemployment in India requires policies aimed at the specific causes identified earlier, rather than a single blanket remedy. The broad categories of measures studied in this chapter are:

Exercises

+Show 11 questions11 questions
  1. Q1Define unemployment. Distinguish between unemployment and underemployment.Free
  2. Q2What is frictional unemployment? Give one example.Free
  3. Q3Distinguish between structural unemployment and cyclical unemployment.Free
  4. Q4Explain cyclical unemployment with reference to the business cycle.Preview
  5. Q5What is disguised unemployment? Why is it significant in the Indian agricultural sector?Preview
  6. Q6Explain seasonal unemployment. Give two examples of occupations affected by it.Preview
  7. Q7State any four causes of unemployment in India.Preview
  8. Q8Which of the following types of unemployment is linked directly to a downturn in the business cycle? (a) Frictional unemployment (b) Structu…Preview
  9. Q9In a village, the labour force consists of 40,000 persons. Of these, 3,600 persons are unemployed while the rest are employed. Calculate (i)…Preview
  10. Q10Explain the difference between the Usual Status, Current Weekly Status and Current Daily Status approaches used to measure unemployment in I…Preview
  11. Q11Discuss any four measures the government has adopted, or could adopt, to reduce unemployment in India.Preview

Sample & Board Papers

Sample papers and previous-year board questions for this subject.

+Show 19 questions19 questions
  1. Q1Who presented four measures to know the nature and types of unemployment? (a) Bhagwati Committee (b) Raj Krishna Committee (c) Venkataraman…Preview
  2. Q2'Labour intensive technique is more applicable in India'. Explain the statement.Preview
  3. Q3Explain the concept of Disguised unemployment.Preview
  4. Q4"Defective education system is responsible for unemployment" — Explain the statement.Preview
  5. Q5Who presented four measuring rods of measuring types of unemployment? (a) (A) Marshall (b) (B) Raj Krishna (c) (C) Mahalnobis (d) (D) RodanPreview
  6. Q6Which age group of people are included in active work force supply? (a) (A) 15 - 60 years (b) (B) 20 - 60 years (c) (C) 15 - 64 years (d) (D…Preview
  7. Q7Explain meaning of unemployment.Preview
  8. Q8Explain underemployment with example.Preview
  9. Q9Describe any three causes of unemployment in India.Preview
  10. Q10Which type of unemployment is caused by replacement of simple mobile phones into smart phones? (a) Cyclical unemployment (b) Disguised unemp…Preview
  11. Q11Who presented four measuring rods to measure nature and types of unemployment? (a) Mahalnobis (b) Keynes (c) Rodan (d) Raj KrishnaPreview
  12. Q12Give full form of N.S.S.O.Preview
  13. Q13Give the meaning of underemployed with an example.Preview
  14. Q14Explain the concept of cyclical unemployment.Preview
  15. Q15Which type of production technique increases unemployment? (a) Education oriented (b) Capital intensive (c) Agriculture oriented (d) Labour…Preview
  16. Q16In which type of unemployment, marginal productivity of a labour is zero? (a) Cyclical (b) Frictional (c) Seasonal (d) DisguisedPreview
  17. Q17Explain frictional unemployment with example.Preview
  18. Q18"The problem of unemployment is because of low saving and investment in India." Explain in brief.Preview
  19. Q19"Defective education system is responsible for unemployment." Explain.Preview