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Q.If y = (tan^{-1} x)^2, show that (x^2 + 1)^2 y_2 + 2x(x^2 + 1) y_1 = 2.

Karnataka PUCKarnataka II PUC Board 2018Subjective· 5mImportance★★★★★
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From (1+x2)y1=2tan⁡−1x(1+x^2)y_1=2\tan^{-1}x, differentiating once more and multiplying by (1+x2)(1+x^2) gives the identity.

Concept. Establish a first-order relation free of tan⁡−1x\tan^{-1}x, then differentiate again (product rule) to obtain the second-order relation.

Step-by-step. Let y=(tan⁡−1x)2y=(\tan^{-1}x)^2. Then

y1=dydx=2tan⁡−1x⋅11+x2 ⇒ (1+x2)y1=2tan⁡−1x.(⋆)y_1=\frac{dy}{dx}=2\tan^{-1}x\cdot\frac{1}{1+x^2}\ \Rightarrow\ (1+x^2)y_1=2\tan^{-1}x.\qquad(\star)

Differentiate (⋆)(\star) w.r.t. xx (product rule on the left): …

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