Q.If A, B and C are angles of a triangle, then the determinant −1cosCcosBcosC−1cosAcosBcosA−1 is equal to
(A) 0
(B) −1
(C) 1
(D) None of these
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🔒 Start your 14-day free trial to unlock the full solution →Concept understanding — Determinant Evaluation Using Identities
Determinant Evaluation Using Identities
Expanding a 4×4 or 5×5 determinant term by term is painful and error-prone. The smarter route is to transform the determinant into an easy form using properties (the "identities") that change its value in a known, controlled way — then read the answer off a triangular matrix.
The geometric intuition
A determinant measures the signed "volume" of the box spanned by the rows in n-dimensional space. Sliding one row parallel to another doesn't change that volume; swapping two rows flips its sign; scaling a row scales the volume. The algebraic identities are just these facts translated into rules.
The three row (or column) operations
- Swap two rows: det→−det (sign flips).
- Scale a row by k: det→kdet (the factor comes out).
- Add a multiple of one row to a different row (Ri→Ri+λRj, i=j): det unchanged.
The identical rules hold for columns. There is also row-wise linearity: if a row is a sum Ri=Ri′+Ri′′, the determinant splits into the sum of two determinants with all other rows fixed.
Row-wise linearity is not det(A+B)=detA+detB — that is false. The splitting works one row at a time.
The strategy
- Use operation 3 to create zeros in a row or column (value unchanged).
- Factor out common factors with operation 2.
- Swap rows if needed to reach upper-triangular form (track the sign change).
- The determinant is then the product of the diagonal entries.
Worked example
det1472583610.
Apply R2→R2−4R1 and R3→R3−7R1 (no change), then R3→R3−2R2: …
Concept — expand and use the triangle identity. Expanding the symmetric determinant,
Δ=−1cosCcosBcosC−1cosAcosBcosA−1=−1+cos2A+cos2B+cos2C+2cosAcosBcosC.
For the angles of a triangle (A+B+C=π) the standard identity is …
Expanding gives Δ=−1+cos2A+cos2B+cos2C+2cosAcosBcosC; the triangle identity makes the cosine part equal 1, so Δ=0 — option (A).
The idea
Expand the determinant into a symmetric cosine expression, then apply the identity that holds for the angles of any triangle. The expansion lands directly on a known identity — no row-juggling required.
Step 1 — Expand along the first row
Δ=−1[(−1)(−1)−cos2A]−cosC[cosC(−1)−cosAcosB]+cosB[cosCcosA−(−1)cosB].
Simplify each bracket:
Δ=−(1−cos2A)+(cos2C+cosAcosBcosC)+(cosAcosBcosC+cos2B).
Step 2 — Collect terms …
Method: Expanding a Determinant and Matching It to a Known Identity
Some determinants, once expanded via ordinary cofactor expansion, land directly on a standard identity — recognizing that identity finishes the problem without any further row manipulation.
Steps
Step 1: Expand along the first row (or the row/column with the simplest entries)
Apply the standard 3×3 cofactor expansion formula, keeping every trigonometric term symbolic and tracking signs carefully through each bracket.
Step 2: Collect and simplify the resulting expression
Combine like terms into a compact symmetric form — for example, a sum of squared cosines plus a product-of-three-cosines term.
Step 3: Compare against a known identity that applies under the given condition …
Common Mistakes
Mistake 1: A sign error while expanding the determinant's nested negatives
Why it's wrong: Terms like −1[(−1)(−1)−cos2A] involve several negative signs in a row that are easy to mis-simplify, e.g. writing −(1−cos2A) as (1−cos2A) instead. Correct approach: expand one bracket at a time and explicitly track every minus sign before combining terms.
Mistake 2: Not recognizing the triangle-angle identity is needed …
Showing the 12 most recent of 18 on this concept.
- KEAM 2022Set eng-2022-P2-B14 marksMCQQ.sinαsinβsinγcos(α+θ)cos(β+θ)cos(γ+θ)cosαcosβcosγ= (A) −1 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4 (E) 0
›Reveal solutionSolution
The determinant equals 0.
Concept and Intuition
A determinant is zero when one column is a linear combination of the others.
Step-by-Step Solution
- Expand cos(ϕ+θ)=cosθcosϕ−sinθsinϕ for each row's middle entry.
- So column 2 =cosθ(column of cosϕ)−sinθ(column of sinϕ).
- Column of cosϕ is column 3, column of sinϕ is column 1.
- Thus C2=cosθC3−sinθC1: columns are linearly dependent. …
- KEAM 2026Set eng-2026-04224 marksMCQQ.The value of sin30∘sin45∘sin60∘cos30∘cos45∘cos60∘sin(30∘+75∘)sin(45∘+75∘)sin(60∘+75∘) is equal to (A) −2 (B) −1 (C) 0 (D) 1 (E) 2
›Reveal solutionSolution
The third column is a fixed linear combination of the first two, forcing a zero determinant.
Each entry of column 3 is sin(θ+75∘)=sinθcos75∘+cosθsin75∘. …
- KEAM 2025Set eng-2025-04284 marksMCQQ.Let Δ=xx+y1yy+1x1x+1y. If x+y=−1, then the value of Δ is equal to (A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 0 (E) -3
›Reveal solutionSolution
Expanding Δ and substituting x+y=−1, every term reduces to 0 because it carries a factor x+y+1=0.
Expanding along the first row:
Δ=x[(y+1)y−(x+1)x]−y[(x+y)y−(x+1)]+[(x+y)x−(y+1)].
With x+y=−1:
- First term: x[(y2−x2)+(y−x)]=x(y−x)(x+y+1)=x(y−x)(0)=0. …
- KEAM 2025Set eng-2025-04294 marksMCQQ.If α+β+γ=0, then eαeβeγe2αe2βe2γe3α−1e3β−1e3γ−1= (A) e−1 (B) e (C) e2 (D) e3 (E) 0
›Reveal solutionSolution
Let a=eα,b=eβ,c=eγ, so abc=eα+β+γ=1. Split the third column a3−1=a3+(−1); the two resulting Vandermonde determinants are equal and cancel, giving 0.
Write the rows as (a,a2,a3−1) etc. By column-linearity the determinant splits as D1−D2 where
D1=abca2b2c2a3b3c3=abc111abca2b2c2=abc,V, …
- KEAM 2026Set eng-2026-04184 marksMCQQ.Let f(x)=−101x1−132x1. Then the value of f(−1) is equal to (A) 6 (B) -4 (C) -2 (D) 2 (E) 0
›Reveal solutionSolution
At x=−1 the determinant evaluates to 0.
At x=−1 the matrix is −101−11−13−21. Expanding along the first column: …
- KEAM 2024Set eng-2024-06064 marksMCQQ.Let A=2−11−10−212−1 and let B=∣A∣1A. Then the value of ∣B∣ is equal to (A) 91 (B) 111 (C) 811 (D) 1211 (E) 1
›Reveal solutionSolution
For a 3×3 matrix, scaling by 1/∣A∣ scales the determinant by (1/∣A∣)3. …
- KEAM 2021Set eng-2021-P2-B14 marksMCQQ.Let x−1212x−1x+212x−1=ax3+bx2+cx+d, where a,b,c and d are constants. Then the value of d is (A) −8 (B) 6 (C) 0 (D) −6 (E) 16
›Reveal solutionSolution
Setting x=0 gives the constant term d=16.
Concept and Intuition
Writing the determinant as ax3+bx2+cx+d, the constant d equals the value at x=0, since all x-bearing terms vanish there.
Step-by-Step Solution
- At x=0 the matrix is −1212−1212−1.
- Expand: −1((−1)(−1)−2⋅2)−2(2⋅(−1)−2⋅1)+1(2⋅2−(−1)⋅1). …
- KEAM 2024Set eng-2024-06094 marksMCQQ.Let A=(aij) be a square matrix of order 3 and let Mij be the minors of aij. If M11=−40,M12=−10,M13=35 and a11=1,a12=3,a13=−2 then the value of ∣A∣ is equal to (A) -100 (B) -80 (C) 0 (D) 60 (E) 80
›Reveal solutionSolution
Convert minors to cofactors with alternating signs, then expand: ∣A∣=−80.
Cofactors: C11=+M11=−40, C12=−M12=10, C13=+M13=35.
Expanding along the first row: …
- KEAM 2026Set eng-2026-04184 marksMCQQ.Let A and B be two square matrices each of order 3. If ∣AB∣=21 and ∣A−1∣=−7, then the value of ∣B∣ is equal to (A) 3 (B) -3 (C) 147 (D) -63 (E) -147
›Reveal solutionSolution
∣A∣=−1/7, and ∣B∣=∣AB∣/∣A∣=21/(−1/7)=−147.
Since ∣A−1∣=∣A∣1=−7, we have ∣A∣=−71.
Using ∣AB∣=∣A∣∣B∣: …
- KEAM 2026Set eng-2026-04194 marksMCQQ.111112111131 is equal to (A) 7100 (B) 6800 (C) 7300 (D) 6900 (E) 6700
›Reveal solutionSolution
Cofactor expansion along the first row gives 7100.
Expansion. For 111112111131:
=11(21⋅31−1⋅1)−1(1⋅31−1⋅1)+1(1⋅1−21⋅1) …
- KEAM 2025Set eng-2025-04254 marksMCQQ.The numbers a1,a2,a3,a4,a5 and a6 are in G.P. If a1=2 and the common ratio r=21, then the value of a1a3a5a2a4a6111 is equal to (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 21 (D) 4 (E) 0
›Reveal solutionSolution
Two columns are proportional, forcing the determinant to zero.
With a1=2,r=21: the terms are 2,1,21,41,81,161.
In the determinant
a1a3a5a2a4a6111, …
- KEAM 2026Set eng-2026-04204 marksMCQQ.The value of the determinant (105+10−5)2(1006+100−6)2(6100+6−100)2(105−10−5)2(1006−100−6)2(6100−6−100)2111 is equal to (A) 100 (B) 200 (C) 0 (D) 6000 (E) 60600
›Reveal solutionSolution
In every row the two entries are (P+Q)2 and (P−Q)2 with PQ=1, so C1−C2=4PQ=4 for all rows. That makes column C1−C2 a multiple of the all-ones column C3; two proportional columns force the determinant to be 0.
In each row the entries have the form (P+Q)2, (P−Q)2, 1, where:
- Row 1: P=105, Q=10−5, PQ=1.
- Row 2: P=1006, Q=100−6, PQ=1.
- Row 3: P=6100, Q=6−100, PQ=1.
Apply the column operation C1→C1−C2. For every row, …
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