Q.State any three adverse effects of rapid population growth on economic development.

Rapid population growth can slow per capita income growth, strain natural resources, and worsen unemployment/underemployment.

Three adverse effects (any three of the following are acceptable) of rapid population growth

on economic development:

1. Slower growth of per capita income — even when total national income rises, it must be divided among more people, slowing growth in the more meaningful average living-standard measure.
2. Strain on natural resources — greater demand on land, water, forests, and food supply, reducing per-person availability of each even as total output rises.
3. Pressure on infrastructure and social services — housing, transport, sanitation, healthcare, and education systems must expand continuously just to maintain existing per-person service levels.
4. Unemployment and underemployment — when the labour force grows faster than the number of new jobs the economy can create. …