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Worked Examples · Example 8

Q.Evaluate lim⁡x→9x−3x−9\displaystyle\lim_{x\to 9}\frac{\sqrt{x} - 3}{x - 9}.

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At x=9x=9: numerator =9−3=0=\sqrt9-3=0, denominator =0=0, so 00\tfrac00. Rationalise the numerator by the conjugate x+3\sqrt{x}+3:

x−3x−9⋅x+3x+3=x−9(x−9)(x+3)=1x+3.\frac{\sqrt{x}-3}{x-9}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}+3}=\frac{x-9}{(x-9)(\sqrt{x}+3)}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}+3}.

(Here (x−3)(x+3)=x−9(\sqrt{x}-3)(\sqrt{x}+3)=x-9.)

Now substitute: 19+3=13+3=16\dfrac{1}{\sqrt9+3}=\dfrac{1}{3+3}=\dfrac16. …

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