Q.Label the diagram and explain the process in your words.

Step 1. This exercise does not name a specific diagram, so any of the chapter's labelled apparatus diagrams (filtration, filtration under suction, crystallization, simple distillation, fractional distillation, solvent extraction, or the chromatography set-ups) can be chosen and labelled in the same way; the Simple Distillation apparatus is used here as the worked example, since it is the chapter's most fully described apparatus.

Step 2. Labelling the parts. The liquid to be distilled sits in a round-bottom flask, held by a clamp on a stand and heated from below (by a water bath, oil bath, or wire gauze). A cork fitted into the flask's neck carries a thermometer, with its bulb positioned just below the level of the flask's side arm — this placement ensures the thermometer reads the temperature of the vapour actually escaping through the side arm, not the boiling liquid itself. The side arm leads to a condenser, an outer water jacket surrounding the vapour's path, with two outlets through which cooling water circulates continuously. The condenser's lower end opens into a receiver flask, positioned to catch the condensed liquid as it drips down. …

Since the exercise leaves the specific diagram unnamed, demonstrate the labelling-and-explaining approach using the chapter's most fully described ap …

• Omitting the thermometer-bulb placement (just below the side arm), a commonly tested labelling detail. …