A multiple angle is an integer multiple of a given angle, such as 2θ (double) or 3θ (triple); a submultiple angle is the given angle expressed as a multiple of a smaller one, such as writing θ as twice 2θ. Every double- and triple-angle formula is obtained by treating 2θ=θ+θ and 3θ=2θ+θ and applying the compound-angle formulas of the sum-and-difference concept: sin2θ=2sinθcosθ, cos2θ=cos2θ−sin2θ=2cos2θ−1=1−2sin2θ, tan2θ=1−tan2θ2tanθ, sin3θ=3sinθ−4sin3θ, cos3θ=4cos3θ−3cosθ and tan3θ=1−3tan2θ3tanθ−tan3θ. Writing the same relations with θ replaced by 2θ turns them into submultiple-angle (half-angle) identities, e.g. 1+cosθ=2cos22θ and 1−cosθ=2sin22θ, which are the standard tool for simplifying expressions such as 1+sinθcosθ or for finding an exact surd value such as sin18°, tan8π by solving the resulting equation in the half angle.