Physics · Ch 7 — Thermal Properties of Matter
Applications of Thermal Conductivity
Applications of Thermal Conductivity
Everyday design choices exploit thermal conductivity directly. Cooking utensils are made of a metal (a good conductor, so heat from the flame quickly reaches the food) but are fitted with handles of a bad conductor -- wood, ebonite, and similar materials -- so that heat does not readily conduct through to burn the hand holding it. Cold-storage rooms use thick brick walls (brick being a poor conductor) to slow the inward flow of heat from the warmer surroundings; using HOLLOW bricks improves this further, since the trapped air inside them is an even poorer conductor than the brick itself. To keep ice from melting quickly, it is wrapped in a gunny bag -- a poor conductor whose woven fabric also traps air (itself a very poor conductor) in its interstices, further slowing heat flow inward. …
Worked out. Heat flows through a 2 cm thick iron plate at 600 kcal per minute per square metre with a 10 °C temperature difference across it at steady state; converting units and substituting into k = (Q/At) x/(T1-T2), the example finds k(iron) = 0.02 kcal m^-1 s^-1 °C^-1. …
Worked out. A glass window of area 1000 cm^2 and thickness 4 mm has inside temperature 27 °C and outside -5 °C (k(glass)=0.022 cal/s cm °C); substituting into Q/t = kA(T1-T2)/x with consistent units, the example finds the rate of heat loss Q/t = 1.76x10^3 cal/s (1.76 kcal/s). …