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Worked Examples · Example 4
Q.

Four workers W1,W2,W3,W4W_1, W_2, W_3, W_4 are to be assigned to four jobs J1,J2,J3,J4J_1, J_2, J_3, J_4, one job each. The cost (in ₹₹ hundreds) is:

WorkerJ1J_1J2J_2J3J_3J4J_4
W1W_110251520
W2W_21530515
W3W_335201224
W4W_417252420

Determine the minimum-cost assignment.

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Step 1 — Row reduction. Row minima: 10,5,12,1710, 5, 12, 17.

WorkerJ1J_1J2J_2J3J_3J4J_4
W1W_1015510
W2W_21025010
W3W_3238012
W4W_40873

Step 2 — Column reduction. Column minima: 0,8,0,30, 8, 0, 3.

WorkerJ1J_1J2J_2J3J_3J4J_4
W1W_10757
W2W_2101707
W3W_323009
W4W_40070

Step 3 — Assign the zeros.

  • W1W_1 has a single zero at J1J_1 →\to assign W1→J1W_1 \to J_1; cross W4J1W_4J_1.
  • W2W_2 has a single zero at J3J_3 →\to assign W2→J3W_2 \to J_3; cross W3J3W_3J_3.
  • W3W_3 now has a single zero at J2J_2 →\to assign W3→J2W_3 \to J_2; cross W4J2W_4J_2.
  • W4W_4 now has a single uncrossed zero at J4J_4 →\to assign W4→J4W_4 \to J_4.

Four independent zeros are boxed — the assignment is optimal (a 44-line cover exists).

Total cost (original matrix):

10+5+20+20=55 (hundred rupees)=₹ 5500.10 + 5 + 20 + 20 = 55 \text{ (hundred rupees)} = ₹\,5500.

Dual-solve (independent check). Verify no swap improves it:

  • Swap W3,W4W_3,W_4 jobs: W3J4+W4J2=24+25=49W_3J_4 + W_4J_2 = 24 + 25 = 49 vs current W3J2+W4J4=20+20=40W_3J_2 + W_4J_4 = 20 + 20 = 40 — worse.
  • Swap W1,W4W_1,W_4 jobs: W1J4+W4J1=20+17=37W_1J_4 + W_4J_1 = 20 + 17 = 37 vs current W1J1+W4J4=10+20=30W_1J_1 + W_4J_4 = 10 + 20 = 30 — worse.
  • Swap W1,W2W_1,W_2 jobs: W1J3+W2J1=15+15=30W_1J_3 + W_2J_1 = 15 + 15 = 30 vs current W1J1+W2J3=10+5=15W_1J_1 + W_2J_3 = 10 + 5 = 15 — worse. No pairwise exchange reduces the total, confirming 5555 is optimal.
✓Final answer

W1→J1, W2→J3, W3→J2, W4→J4W_1 \to J_1,\ W_2 \to J_3,\ W_3 \to J_2,\ W_4 \to J_4; minimum total cost =55= 55 hundred =₹ 5500= ₹\,5500.

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