Q.Observe Fig. 4.2 and discuss with reference to transaction of energy and matter.

In thermodynamics, the small part of the universe that is chosen for study -- for example a gas trapped in a cylinder, or the contents of a reaction flask -- is called the system, while everything else around it (the cylinder walls, the room, the rest of the universe) is the surroundings; together the system plus its surroundings make up the universe. Systems are classified by what they can exchange with their surroundings: an OPEN system (like an uncovered cup of hot coffee) can exchange both matter and energy; a CLOSED system (a covered cup) can exchange energy (as heat) but not matter; and an ISOLATED system (a covered, insulated cup) can exchange neither energy nor matter. System propertie …