Q.Which of the following hormones stimulate the production of pancreatic juice and bicarbonate?
a. Angiotensin and epinephrine
b. Gastrin and insulin
c. Cholecysokinin and secretin
d. Insulin and glucagon

Step 1. Rule out (a): angiotensin and epinephrine are involved in blood-pressure regulation and the stress response, not digestive-gland stimulation.

Step 2. Rule out (b) and (d): gastrin stimulates gastric (not pancreatic) secretion, while insulin and glucagon are pancreatic endocrine hormones that regulate blood glucose, not triggers for pancreatic juice release.

Step 3. Confirm (c): when acidic chyme and fat enter the duodenum, the intestinal mucosa releases cholecystokinin and secretin, which act on the pancreas to release pancreatic enzymes together with bicarbonate that neutralises the acid.

Identify which listed hormones are actually produced by the gastric/intestinal mucosa in response to chyme entering the duodenum, and rule out hormones from unrelated systems.

• Mixing up gastrin (which acts on the stomach) with the hormones that act on the pancreas.
• Confusing insulin/glucagon, which the pancreas itself secretes to regulate blood sugar, with the hormones that trigger the pancreas to secrete digestive juice.