Q.(a) Explain the Taxonomic hierarchy. OR

Taxonomic hierarchy is the ranked system of classification — Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species — used to systematically organize all living organisms from broad to specific categories.

Taxonomy classifies the enormous diversity of living organisms into a nested series of ranked categories, called taxa, arranged in a hierarchy. The standard taxonomic hierarchy, from the broadest (most inclusive) category to the most specific, is:

Kingdom → Phylum (called Division in plants) → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species

• Kingdom: the highest, broadest category, e.g., Animalia (all animals) or Plantae (all plants).
• Phylum/Division: groups organisms sharing a fundamental body plan, e.g., Phylum Chordata (animals with a notochord).
• Class: a subdivision of a phylum, e.g., Class Mammalia (chordates that suckle their young).
• Order: a subdivision of a class, grouping related families, e.g., Order Primates.
• Family: a group of closely related genera, e.g., Family Hominidae.
• Genus: a group of closely related species, e.g., Genus Homo.
• Species: the most specific, basic unit of classification — a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring, e.g., Homo sapiens. …