Q.Pyramid of energy is always upright. Give reasons

Step 1. A pyramid of energy graphs the amount of energy flowing through each successive trophic level of an ecosystem, with producers occupying the base.

Step 2. The second law of thermodynamics states that no energy transformation is 100% efficient — a portion is always dissipated as heat whenever energy passes from one trophic level to the next.

Step 3. This is quantified by the ten percent law: only about 10% of the energy at one trophic level is transferred to and stored at the next, with the other roughly 90% lost to respiration, decomposition and heat at every single step.

Step 4. Because this loss happens without exception at every trophic transfer, in every ecosystem, the energy available necessarily shrinks going from producers to primary consumers to secondary consumers to tertiary consumers — there is no ecosystem type or configuration in which a higher trophic level can hold more energy than the level beneath it. …

Connect the second law of thermodynamics and the ten percent law directly to why energy — unlike raw numbers or bioma …

• Confusing the pyramid of energy with the pyramid of number or biomass, both of which CAN be spindle-shaped or inverted in certain eco …