Chemistry · Ch 13 — Organic Nitrogen Compounds
Nomenclature of Nitroalkanes
13.1.2
Nomenclature of Nitroalkanes
In IUPAC nomenclature, nitroalkanes are named by adding the prefix 'nitro' before the name of the parent alkane, with a locant number showing the position of the -NO2 group on the longest chain containing it -- exactly like any other substituent prefix. Nitrobenzene needs no locant (the ring has only one substituent), while a polysubstituted or polynitro ring gets the lowest locant set, e.g. 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene. A branched chain is numbered to give the substituents (both the nitro group and any alkyl branches) the lowest possible locants together, e.g. 2,2-dimeth …
Table 13.1Nomenclature of representative nitroalkanes and nitroarenes
| Structural formula | IUPAC name |
|---|---|
| CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-NO2 | 2-Methyl-1-nitropropane |
| (CH3)3C-CH2-NO2 (drawn from 2,2-dimethylpropane skeleton) | 2,2-Dimethyl-1-nitropropane |
| C6H5-NO2 | Nitrobenzene |
| CH3-C6H4-NO2 (methyl and nitro on adjacent ring carbons) | 2-Nitro-1-methylbenzene |