Q.What are the applications of Karyotyping?

Step 1. List the applications exactly as given in the text: karyotyping helps in gender identification; it is used to detect chromosomal aberrations such as deletion, duplication, translocation and non-disjunction; it helps identify numerical abnormalities such as aneuploidy; it is used in predicting evolutionary relationships between species; and it allows genetic diseases in human beings to be detected.

Step 2. Briefly explain how each works: comparing an individual's sex-chromosome pair (XX vs XY) against the karyogram gives chromosomal sex directly; visually comparing chromosome banding patterns and structure against the normal karyotype reveals structural rearrangements; counting chromosomes per pair reveals a missing or extra chromosome (aneuploidy, as in Down's or Turner's syndrome); comparing chromosome number and structure across species gives clues to their evolutionary relatedness; and any of the above …

List and briefly explain each of the five applications of kar …

• Naming only 'disease detection' and omitting the sex-identification and cross-species evoluti …