Skip to content
← Commerce

Commerce · Class 11 Commerce

Ch 1Historical Background of Commerce in the Sub-Continent — Class 11 Commerce, concept-first.

Commerce is the branch of business concerned with the exchange of goods and services and with every activity that removes the obstacles — of person, place, time, risk, and finance — standing between a producer and a consumer.

18

Q&A

5

Concepts

Not available

Exam weightage

Start learning — read this chapter →

Key concepts

Hover a concept to preview it and jump to its most relevant Q&A.

Meaning and Evolution of Commerce

Commerce covers both trade (direct buying and selling) and the aids to trade (banking, insurance, transport, warehousing, advertising) that remove the hindrances of person, place, time, risk, and finance.

Most relevant Q&A

Start with this concept →

Chapter contents

The NCERT structure, section by section. Open a section to see its questions, then read the concept-first solution.

1

Meaning and Evolution of Commerce

Commerce is the branch of business concerned with the exchange of goods and services and with every activity that removes the obstacles — of person, place, time, risk, and finance — standing between a…

2

Ancient and Medieval Trade in the Indian Subcontinent

The Indian subcontinent has one of the oldest and most continuous trading histories in the world. Archaeological evidence from the Indus Valley Civilisation (roughly 3300–1300 BCE) — standardised weig…

3

Commerce During the Colonial Period

The arrival of European trading companies from the late fifteenth century onward marks the beginning of a very different phase in Indian commerce.

4

Commerce After Independence: Planned Economy to Liberalisation

After Independence in 1947, India adopted a mixed economy in which the government took on a leading role in shaping industrial and trade policy through a series of Five-Year Plans.

5

Commerce in India Today

Commerce in present-day India shows both continuity and rapid change. Traditional, unorganised retail — the neighbourhood kirana store and local markets — continues to serve the majority of Indian con…

Sample & Board Papers

Sample papers and previous-year board questions for this subject.

+Show 9 questions9 questions
  1. Q1What is meant by Nallangadi ?Preview
  2. Q2(a) State the constraints in Barter System. OR (b) Distinguish between Bill of Lading and Charter Party.Preview
  3. Q3What is meant by Barter System?Preview
  4. Q4Trade and Commerce was common during ______ Dynasty. (a) Pandiya (b) Pallava (c) Chera (d) CholaPreview
  5. Q5What is meant by Nallangadi ?Preview
  6. Q6Give the meaning of the term "Vanigam".Preview
  7. Q7Give two examples of Important Ancient Trade Centres in Tamil Nadu.Preview
  8. Q8Trade and Commerce was common to .......... dynasty. (a) Pallava (b) Chola (c) Pandiya (d) CheraPreview
  9. Q9What is meant by Barter system?Preview

More questions

9 Q
+Show 3 questions3 questions
  1. Q1Which of the following correctly shows the order in which systems of exchange evolved in the Indian subcontinent? (a) Money economy → Barter…Free
  2. Q2The medieval Indian institution in which merchants, traders, and craftsmen of a particular occupation organised themselves to frame common b…Preview
  3. Q3Which of the following European trading companies eventually gained political control over large parts of India and used that control to res…Preview
+Show 3 questions3 questions
  1. Q4State any two limitations of the barter system that led to the emergence of a money economy.Free
  2. Q5Mention any two commodities for which the Indian subcontinent was historically famous in international trade, along with one region associat…Preview
  3. Q6Briefly explain what is meant by 'import substitution' as followed by India before 1991.Preview
+Show 3 questions3 questions
  1. Q7Describe the overland and maritime trade routes through which the ancient and medieval Indian subcontinent carried on trade with the rest of…Free
  2. Q8Explain how the trade and industrial policies followed during the colonial period changed India's position in world commerce, from an export…Preview
  3. Q9Discuss the main features of commerce in India today, with reference to the growth of organised retail and e-commerce, and the introduction…Preview