Q.What is meant by Nallangadi ?

Trade and commerce flourished most notably under the Chola dynasty, so the correct choice is (b) Chola.

The chapter on the historical background of commerce in the sub-continent traces how the ancient Tamil kingdoms took part in trade. While the Pallava, Pandiya and Chera kingdoms all had commercial contacts, the Cholas are singled out for their well-developed trade and commerce.

Why the Cholas:

• They controlled major ports on the Coromandel coast and carried on brisk overseas (maritime) trade with South-East Asian lands. …

Trade and commerce were common and flourishing during the Chola dynasty, so the correct option is (d).

The historical background of commerce in the Indian sub-continent, as covered in the Tamil Nadu HSC Commerce syllabus, highlights the trading achievements of the ancient Tamil kingdoms.

• The Cholas were renowned for their strong navy and extensive overseas trade with countries such as those in South-East Asia. Their ports and maritime power made trade and commerce widespread during their rule. …