Q.Tabulate the differences between DNA and RNA.

DNA and RNA differ chiefly in their sugar (deoxyribose vs ribose), strandedness (double vs single), one base (thymine vs uracil), stability, and function (genetic storage vs protein synthesis/expression).

Both DNA and RNA are nucleic acids, polymers of nucleotide units (each nucleotide made of a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base). Their differences can be tabulated as follows:

Sugar component: DNA contains deoxyribose sugar (which lacks an oxygen atom at the 2' carbon compared to ribose). RNA contains ribose sugar (which has an -OH group at the 2' carbon).

Strandedness: DNA is typically double-stranded, forming the well-known double helix, with two complementary antiparallel strands held together by hydrogen bonds between base pairs. RNA is typically single-stranded (though it can fold back on itself to form local double-stranded/hairpin regions).

Nitrogenous bases: Both share adenine (A), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). But DNA uses thymine (T) as its fourth base, while RNA uses uracil (U) instead of thymine.

Stability: DNA, being double-stranded and lacking the reactive 2'-OH group, is chemically more stable, making it well suited for long-term storage of genetic information. RNA, being single-stranded and possessing the reactive 2'-OH group, is comparatively less stable and more prone to degradation.

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