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Exercise 4.4 · Q3

Q.Prove that the sum of the first nn non-zero even numbers is n2+nn^2+n.

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Let P(n):2+4+⋯+2n=n2+nP(n):2+4+\cdots+2n=n^2+n.

Step 1. Base case. P(1)P(1): LHS =2=2; RHS =1+1=2=1+1=2. True.

Step 2. Inductive hypothesis. Assume P(k):2+4+⋯+2k=k2+kP(k):2+4+\cdots+2k=k^2+k.

Step 3. Inductive step. P(k+1)P(k+1): 2+4+⋯+2k+2(k+1)=(k2+k)+2k+2=k2+3k+2=(k+1)2+(k+1)2+4+\cdots+2k+2(k+1)=(k^2+k)+2k+2=k^2+3k+2=(k+1)^2+(k+1), exactly P(k+1)P(k+1).

Step 4. Conclusion. By PMI, P(n)P(n) holds for all n≥1n\ge1.

✓Final answer

Proved for all n≥1n\ge1 by the Principle of Mathematical Induction.

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