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Physics · Ch 3 — Laws of Motion

To Move an Object - Push or Pull?

3.6.4

To Move an Object - Push or Pull?

When an object is pushed at an angle θ\theta to the horizontal (force directed into the surface as well as along it), the applied force resolves into Fsin⁡θF\sin\theta (parallel to the surface) and Fcos⁡θF\cos\theta (perpendicular, pressed into the surface). Since there's no vertical acceleration, the normal force must balance both the weight and this extra downward push:

Npush=mg+Fcos⁡θ,fs,max=μs(mg+Fcos⁡θ).N_{push}=mg+F\cos\theta,\qquad f_{s,max}=\mu_s(mg+F\cos\theta).

When the same object is instead pulled at angle θ\theta (force directed up and away from the surface as well as along it), the vertical component Fcos⁡θF\cos\theta now acts upward, partly supporting the weight:

Npull=mg−Fcos⁡θ.N_{pull}=mg-F\cos\theta. …

Figure 3.26/3.27Object pushed versus pulled at angle θ

What this figure shows. When pushed, the force's downward component Fcosθ adds to the weight, increasing N; when pulled, the force's upward component subtracts from the weight, decreasing N. …