Q.Distinguish between the Receipts and Payments Account and the Income and Expenditure Account under any five points.
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An Income and Expenditure Account is the not-for-profit organisation's equivalent of a Profit & Loss Account: a nominal account prepared on the accrual basis that records only revenue incomes and expenses of the current period, and whose balance is a surplus (excess of income over expenditure) or deficit rather than profit or loss.
Convert the cash-based Receipts & Payments Account into the accrual-based Income & Expenditure Account by removing all capital items and all items of other periods, then adjusting current-period incomes/expenses for outstanding and prepaid amounts.
How it differs from Receipts & Payments
- Receipts & Payments A/c = a summarised cash book: all cash received/paid, capital or revenue, current year or not.
- Income & Expenditure A/c = only revenue items of the current year on accrual basis; capital receipts (donations for building, legacies, sale of assets) and capital payments (buying assets) are excluded and go to the Balance Sheet.
Preparing it (the adjustments)
Start from receipts/payments and apply accrual adjustments:
| Adjustment | Treatment |
|---|---|
| Subscriptions received | + outstanding for this year, − received in advance, − last year's arrears now received |
| Expenses paid | + outstanding, − prepaid |
| Depreciation on assets | Debit (non-cash expense) |
| Bad debts / provisions | Debit |
These two accounts look similar on the surface — both list an organisation's income-like and expense-like items for the year — but they are built on completely different rules.
The Receipts and Payments Account is a real account on the cash basis covering both capital and revenue items of any period; the Income and Expenditure Account is a nominal account on the accrual basis covering only revenue items of the current year, and only the latter shows a Surplus or Deficit. …
Both accounts are prepared at the end of the year, but they serve entirely different purposes and follow different rules.
| Basis | Receipts and Payments Account | Income and Expenditure Account |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Nature of account | Real account (summary of cash/bank) | Nominal account |
| 2. Basis of accounting | Cash basis — only actual cash movements during the year | Accrual basis — items pertaining to the year, whether received/paid or not |
| 3. Items included | Both capital and revenue receipts/payments | Only revenue income and revenue expenditure |
| 4. Period covered | May include amounts relating to earlier or later years, so long as cash moved this year | Strictly limited to the current accounting year |
| 5. Opening balance | Begins with the opening cash/bank balance | No opening balance — a fresh nominal account is opened every year |
| 6. Depreciation and outstanding/prepaid items | Never appears | Always considered as adjustments |
Students often confuse the 'nature of account' point — the Receipts and Payments Account is a real account, not a nominal account; only the Income and Expenditure Account is nominal. Another common mix-up is treating the two accounts' 'closing balances' as meaning the same thing …
Showing the 12 most recent of 13 on this concept.
- CBSE 2026Set ANNUAL1 markQ.Complete the table:
Income Expenditure Deficit 25,000 .......... 2,000 ›Reveal solutionSolution
Expenditure = ₹27,000. A deficit is the excess of expenditure over income, so Expenditure = Income + Deficit.
Method
The Income and Expenditure Account of a not-for-profit concern shows a deficit when total expenditure exceeds total income. Therefore:
Deficit = Expenditure − Income
Re-arranging: Expenditure = Income + Deficit
| Item | Amount (₹) | …
- CBSE 2026Set ANNUAL1 markQ.Write the word/phrase/term, which can substitute the following sentence. An account which records only revenue items in the case of a not-for-profit concern.
›Reveal solutionSolution
The account that records only revenue items of a not-for-profit concern is the Income and Expenditure Account.
A not-for-profit concern (club, school, hospital, trust) does not prepare a Profit and Loss Account. Instead it prepares an Income and Expenditure Account, which is a nominal account resembling a Profit and Loss Account:
- It is prepared on the accrual basis and includes only revenue (recurring, current-period) incomes and expenses. …
- CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.Excess of income over expenditure in ‘Not for Profit Concern’ is termed as ______.(a) Deficit(b) Profit(c) Surplus(d) Loss
›Reveal solutionSolution
The answer is Surplus.
A Not for Profit Concern (club, school, hospital, trust) does not trade to earn profit, so it prepares an Income and Expenditure Account rather than a Profit and Loss Account. The balancing figure of this account is described in special terms:
Situation Term used Income greater than Expenditure Surplus Expenditure greater than Income Deficit … - CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 markQ.Income and Expenditure Account is a ______ account.
›Reveal solutionSolution
The answer is Nominal.
Accounts are classified as Personal, Real or Nominal. Nominal accounts deal with incomes, gains, expenses and losses. The Income and Expenditure Account of a Not for Profit concern records:
Debit side Credit side Revenue expenses & losses Revenue incomes & gains … - CBSE 2025Set MARCH1 markMCQQ.Income and Expenditure account is a :(a) Representative Personal A/c(b) Real A/c(c) Personal A/c(d) Nominal A/c
›Reveal solutionSolution
The Income and Expenditure Account is a Nominal Account.
The Income and Expenditure Account is prepared by not-for-profit organisations (TN HSC Commerce) to record all revenue incomes and revenue expenses relating to the current period, ending in a surplus or deficit. Because it deals only with items of income and expense — not with persons or property — it falls under the class …
- CBSE 2024Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.Find the odd one:(a) Audit Fees(b) Insurance(c) Medical Expenses(d) Sundry Receipts
›Reveal solutionSolution
Three items are expenses; one is an income/receipt. The income item is the odd one.
In the Income and Expenditure Account of a not-for-profit concern the items fall on opposite sides:
Item Nature Side of I&E A/c Audit Fees Expense Debit (Expenditure) Insurance Expense Debit (Expenditure) Medical Expenses Expense Debit (Expenditure) Sundry Receipts Income Credit (Income) … - CBSE 2024Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.Income and Expenditure Account is a ________ Account.(a) Capital account(b) Real account(c) Personal account(d) Nominal account
›Reveal solutionSolution
The Income and Expenditure Account of a not-for-profit concern is a Nominal Account — it is the equivalent of a Profit and Loss Account and records only revenue items.
A not-for-profit concern prepares an Income and Expenditure Account to find its surplus (excess of income over expenditure) or deficit. Because it deals only with revenue incomes and revenue expenses of the current year, it follows the golden rule of nominal accounts:
- Debit all expenses and losses.
- Credit all incomes and gains. …
- CBSE 2024Set ANNUAL1 markQ.Write the word/phrase/term which can substitute of the following statement: The debit balance of Income and Expenditure Account.
›Reveal solutionSolution
The debit balance of the Income and Expenditure Account represents the Deficit — the excess of expenditure over income.
At the year-end the Income and Expenditure Account is balanced:
- If income exceeds expenditure, the credit balance is a Surplus. …
- CBSE 2024Set MARCH1 markMCQQ.Income and Expenditure Account is prepared to find out :(a) Surplus or deficit(b) Profit or loss(c) Financial position(d) Cash and Bank balance
›Reveal solutionSolution
The Income and Expenditure Account is prepared to find the surplus or deficit of a not-for-profit organisation — option (a).
Not-for-profit organisations (clubs, societies, hospitals, schools) do not trade to earn profit, so they do not prepare a Profit and Loss Account. Instead they prepare an Income and Expenditure Account, which is a nominal account maintained on the accrual basis:
- All revenue incomes of the year (whether received or not) are credited.
- All revenue expenses of the year (whether paid or not) are debited.
- The balancing figure is a surplus (income exceeds expenditure) or a deficit (expenditure exceeds income). …
- CBSE 2023Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.Income and Expenditure Account is a ________ Account.(a) Capital(b) Real(c) Personal(d) Nominal
›Reveal solutionSolution
The correct option is Nominal. The Income and Expenditure Account is prepared by a not-for-profit concern on the same lines as a Profit & Loss Account; it is a Nominal account that records all revenue incomes and expenses of the year and reveals the surplus (excess of income over expenditure) or deficit.
Explanation
- Nominal accounts are accounts of incomes, gains, expenses and losses. …
- CBSE 2022Set ANNUAL1 markQ.Aurangabad University prepares _______ Account instead of Profit and Loss Account.
›Reveal solutionSolution
The blank is Income and Expenditure Account.
A university, like a club or a charitable trust, is a not-for-profit organisation whose objective is service, not profit. Such concerns do not prepare a Profit and Loss Account; instead they prepare an Income and Expenditure Account, which records all revenue incomes and revenue expenditures of the period on an accrual basis. Its balancing figure is a surplus (excess …
- CBSE 2022Set MARCH1 markMCQQ.Income and Expenditure Account is prepared to find out :(a) surplus or deficit(b) profit or loss(c) financial position(d) cash and bank balance
›Reveal solutionSolution
The Income and Expenditure Account reveals the surplus or deficit of a not-for-profit organisation.
In the Tamil Nadu HSC Class-12 Accountancy syllabus, not-for-profit organisations (clubs, societies, hospitals) do not aim to earn profit, so they prepare an Income and Expenditure Account instead of a Profit and Loss Account. It records only revenue incomes and revenue expenditures of the current period on an accrual basis.
- Excess of income over expenditure = surplus.
- Excess of expenditure over income = deficit. …
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