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Business Mathematics and Statistics · Ch 4 — Differential Equations

Formation of a Differential Equation

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Formation of a Differential Equation

Eliminating arbitrary constants

A family of curves with nn arbitrary constants (like y=Ax2y=Ax^2, one constant AA) satisfies a differential equation of order nn, formed by differentiating the family's equation nn times and then eliminating the constant(s) between the original equation and its derivative(s).

Worked reasoning: one constant

For the family y=Ax2y=Ax^2 (one arbitrary constant AA), differentiate once:

dydx=2Ax  ⟹  A=12x⋅dydx\frac{dy}{dx}=2Ax \implies A=\frac{1}{2x}\cdot\frac{dy}{dx}

Substituting this expression for AA back into y=Ax2y=Ax^2:

y=(12xdydx)x2=x2dydx  ⟹  xdydx−2y=0y=\left(\frac{1}{2x}\frac{dy}{dx}\right)x^2=\frac{x}{2}\frac{dy}{dx} \implies x\frac{dy}{dx}-2y=0

Worked reasoning: verifying with a different one-constant family

For y=Ae2xy=Ae^{2x}, differentiating gives dydx=2Ae2x=2y\frac{dy}{dx}=2Ae^{2x}=2y directly (since Ae2x=yAe^{2x}=y itself) — no separate elimination step is even needed here, because the constant AA cancels immediately: dydx−2y=0\frac{dy}{dx}-2y=0.

Note

The NUMBER of arbitrary constants fixes the order of the resulting differential equation …

Definition 1Formation of a Differential Equation

Differentiating a family of curves' equation as many times as it has arbitrary constants, then eliminating the constant(s) between the original equation and its derivative(s), to obtain the differential …