Q.Write short notes on 'adulteration'.

Consumer exploitation takes several recurring forms in real markets: adulteration (mixing inferior or harmful substances into a genuine product), underweight or short measure (supplying less than the stated quantity), false or misleading advertising (making exaggerated or deceptive claims), sale of defective or substandard goods, overcharging beyond the printed or agreed price, black-marketing (secretly selling scarce goods at inflated prices), hoarding (withholding goods to create artificial scarcity), and poor after-sales service (failing to honour warranty or service commitments). E …