Q.What is the Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI)? Name its three component indicators.

PQLI was devised specifically to measure well-being using indicators that have nothing to do with money income at all. …

The Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI), proposed by economist Morris D. Morris, is a composite indicator of a population's basic well-being that deliberately avoids using income at all, on the reasoning that income alone does not tell us whether it is actually being converted into a better quality of life.

Its three components are:

1. Infant Mortality Rate — infant deaths (under age one) per 1,000 live births, reflecting basic health, nutrition and sanitation standards.
2. Life Expectancy at Age One — the further number of years a one-year-old is expected to live, reflecting overall health conditions across the population's life-course.
3. Basic Literacy Rate — the proportion of the population able to read and write, reflecting access to basic education. …

Confusing PQLI's three components with HDI's three dimensions — PQLI uses infant mortality, life expectancy at age one and literacy (all non-monetary); HDI uses life expectancy at birth, schooling, and income (it DOES incl …