Q.What is the name of the process given below? Write its 4 types. [Figure: a flow diagram of the basic steps in plant tissue culture technology - a tissue sample from a bud, stem, root or leaf is taken as the explant; it is inoculated and becomes undifferentiated; a callus is formed; the callus is separated and single cells are cultured; further culturing regenerates a new plantlet.]

Based on which part of the plant is used as the starting explant, plant tissue culture is classified into four types. Organ culture uses whole plant organs - embryos, anthers, ovaries, roots or shoots. Meristem culture uses only the plant's actively dividing meristematic tissue, most often the shoot-tip apical meristem, and is the standard route to virus-free planting material. Protoplast culture uses individual cells that have had their cell wall removed, allowing them to be fused into somatic hybrids as well as regenerated into whole plants. Cell suspension culture uses single cells or small cell aggregates grown directly in a liquid medium, and is the platform used for industrial-scale secondary-metabolite production. Although all …