Q.Genetic engineering is
a. making artificial genes.
b. hybridization of DNA of one organism to that of the others.
c. production of alcohol by using micro organisms.
d. making artificial limbs, diagnostic instruments such as ECG, EEG etc.,

Step 1. Recall the chapter's own definition. Genetic engineering, recombinant DNA technology and gene cloning are described as a collective term for protocols resulting in the modification and transfer of DNA from one organism to another.

Step 2. Test option (a). Genetic engineering modifies and transfers existing genes; it does not manufacture genes 'artificially' from scratch, so (a) mischaracterises the technique.

Step 3. Test option (c). Producing alcohol using microorganisms is fermentation, a traditional biotechnology process covered earlier in the chapter, not genetic engineering.

Step 4. Test option (d). Making artificial limbs and diagnostic instruments like ECG/EEG machines is biomedical engineering, a related but distinct interdisciplinary field mentioned in the chapter's opening figure, not genetic engineering itself. …

Match each option against the chapter's own working definition of genetic engineering and rule out the other biotechno …

• Confusing genetic engineering with fermentation (option c), a much older and unrelated traditional biotechnology process. …