Q.How do you use the biotechnology in modern practice?

Step 1. Identify the two broad tracks. The chapter frames modern biotechnology practice under two headings: conventional/traditional biotechnology, which is still practised today for everyday fermented products, and modern biotechnology, built around recombinant DNA technology and cell-fusion techniques.

Step 2. Everyday/traditional-track uses. Traditional biotechnology is still in daily use for producing dairy products (curd, ghee, cheese), fermented foods (idli, dosa, bread) and alcoholic beverages, and industrially for microbial biomass (single-cell protein), microbial metabolites, industrial enzymes, and bioconversion of one chemical into another.

Step 3. Modern-track uses. Modern biotechnology, via genetic engineering, is used to manufacture pharmaceutical products such as human insulin and blood proteins directly inside E. coli, vaccines, antibiotics and growth hormones; to develop transgenic/GM crops with herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, or improved nutrition (e.g. Golden Rice); to produce biodegradable bioplastics (PHB, PLA); and to support environmental applications like bioremediation and algal biofuel. …

Separate the chapter's traditional-biotechnology uses from its modern-biotechnology uses, then combine b …

• Describing only the modern/genetic-engineering applications and forgetting traditional fermentation is still in everyday practical use. …