Q.Mention the application of Biotechnology.

Step 1. Agricultural applications. The chapter lists transgenic crop varieties bred for pest, stress and disease resistance - Bt cotton, and genetically modified rice, tomato, tobacco, cauliflower, potato and banana.

Step 2. Medical applications. It highlights the synthesis of human insulin and blood proteins in E. coli as a breakthrough for insulin-deficiency disorders, alongside the synthesis of vaccines, enzymes and antibiotics.

Step 3. Industrial and technological applications. It lists dairy products and alcoholic beverages (fermentation-based), and biochip-based biological computers as a more cutting-edge success.

Step 4. Core enabling techniques. It notes genetic engineering (genetic manipulation) and tissue culture (aseptic cultivation of totipotent plant cells into clones) as the two techniques underlying much of this. …

Work through the chapter's closing Applications of Biotechnology section category by category - agri …

• Listing only medical applications and omitting the equally emphasised agricultural and environmental ones. …