Q.A particular saturated solution of silver chromate $Ag_2CrO_4$ has $[Ag^+] = 5 \times 10^{-5}$ M and $[CrO_4^{2-}] = 4.4 \times 10^{-4}$ M. What is the value of $K_{sp}$ for $Ag_2CrO_4$?

For a sparingly soluble salt $X_mY_n(s) \rightleftharpoons mX^{n+}(aq)+nY^{m-}(aq)$, the solubility product is $K_{sp}=[X^{n+}]^m[Y^{m-}]^n$ -- the product of the constituent ions' molar concentrations, each raised to its stoichiometric coefficient, once the solid's own (constant) concentration is absorbed out of the equilibrium expression.

Predicting precipitation. Computing the same expression with the actual ion concentrations present (whether or not the solution is at equilibrium) gives the ionic product; comparing it to $K_{sp}$ predicts the outcome: ionic product $>K_{sp}$ means the solution is supersaturated and precipitation occurs; ionic product $<K_{sp}$ means the solution is unsaturated (no precipitate); ionic product $=K_{sp}$ means the solution is exactly saturated, at equilibrium.

Relating Ksp to molar solubility. If $s$ is the molar solubility of $X_mY_n$, then $[X^{n+}]=ms$ and $[Y^{m-}]=ns$, so $K_{sp}=(ms)^m(ns)^n=m^m n^n s^{m+n}$ -- e.g. for a 1:1 salt like $BaSO_4$, $K_{sp}=s^2$; for a 2:1 salt like $Ag_2CrO_4$, $K_{sp}=4s^3$. …