Q.Chalcogens belongs to p-block. Give reason.

Step 1. State the p-block criterion.

An element belongs to the p-block of the periodic table if its last (highest-energy, differentiating) electron enters a p orbital, giving a general valence configuration ns2 np(1-6).

Step 2. Apply this to the chalcogens.

Oxygen, sulphur, selenium, tellurium and polonium (Group 16) all have the outer electronic configuration ns2 np4 (for example, oxygen 2s2 2p4, sulphur 3s2 3p4) — their differentiating electron is unambiguously entering a p orbital.

Step 3. Conclude.

Since their last electron enters an np orbital (specifically the fourth of six possible p electrons), the chalcogens satisfy the defining criterion for p-block placement, and are accordingly classified as Group 16 of the p-block, alongside the pnictogens, halogens and noble gases covered in this unit.

State the general p-block electron-configuration rule (ns2 np1-6) and show that the chalcogens' known configuration (ns2 np4) satisfies it.

Giving a vague answer about chalcogens 'forming ores' instead of the actual electronic-configuration reason that places them in the p-block.