Q.Write notes on controlled breeding.

Rather than leaving reproduction to chance natural mating, livestock improvement programmes increasingly rely on controlled breeding techniques, of which the two most important are artificial insemination and MOET.

Artificial insemination involves collecting semen from a male selected for its desirable traits, and then introducing this semen directly into the female's reproductive tract using an instrument, rather than through natural mating. This means the semen of a single, genetically superior male can be used to inseminate a very large number of females — even after being transported or stored — spreading his desirable traits far more widely through a herd than natural mating ever could, without needing to physically keep or move a breeding male to every farm. …