Q.Name any two industrially important enzymes.

Two industrially important enzymes are lipases and streptokinase.

• Lipases are used in detergent formulations to break down oily stains, and they also play a role in the production of biodiesel by catalysing the transesterification of oils. …

Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed. In industry, they offer a cleaner, more efficient alternative to harsh chemicals — working at moderate temperatures and pressures, and often being biodegradable. The NCERT textbook highlights several enzymes produced by microorganisms, but two stand out for their widespread industrial use.

Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down fats (lipids) into fatty acids and glycerol. It is a star in the detergent industry, where it is added to laundry and dishwashing powders to remove oily stains. Lipases also find use in the food industry — for example, in cheese ripening and in the production of flavour compounds. They are commonly obtained from fungi like Aspergillus niger and Candida species.

Pectinase is another industrially vital enzyme. It breaks down pectin, a polysaccharide found in plant cell walls that makes fruit juices cloudy. In the fruit juice industry, pectinase is added to crushed fruit to clarify the juice, increase yield, and improve colour extraction. It is also used in the processing of wine and in the extraction of vegetable oils. Pectinase is typically produced by fungi such as Aspergillus niger. …

A different angle: map industrial sectors to the enzyme that serves each, instead of recalling enzyme names directly.