Q.Compare malaria, dengue, and typhoid fever under the heads: causative agent, mode of transmission, symptoms, and prevention.

Malaria is spread by the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito (vector of Plasmodium).

Malaria is caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium (species such as P. vivax, P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale). The parasite is not transmitted directly between people; it needs a vector. When a female Anopheles mosquito bites an infected person it takes up the parasite, which multiplies in the mosquito, and it then injects the infective stage (sporozoites) into the next healthy person during a blood meal. Thus …

Malaria is caused by a protozoan, Plasmodium (transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito).

Malaria is caused by Plasmodium (species such as P. vivax, P. falciparum), which is a protozoan parasite. It is transmitted from person to person through the bite of an infected femal …

Of the human malaria parasites, Plasmodium falciparum causes malignant tertian malaria, the deadliest form.

Several Plasmodium species infect humans - P. vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale and P. falciparum - transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito. Among these, P. falciparum causes the most severe, malignant form of malaria, which can be fatal …

The characteristic recurring chills and high fever in malaria are indeed caused by the synchronous rupture of red blood cells and the release of toxins like haemozoin by the Plasmodium parasite, making both the assertion and reason correct, with the reason explaining the assertion.

Quinine, used against malaria, comes from the bark of Cinchona.

Quinine is an alkaloid extracted from the bark of the Cinchona tree; it has long been used as an anti-malarial drug (acting against the Plasmodium parasite). Cannabis yields drugs of abuse (cannabinoids), Papaver (poppy) …

Malaria is caused by Plasmodium.

Malaria is caused by the protozoan parasite of the genus Plasmodium (species such as P. vivax, P. malariae and the most serious P. falciparum). The parasite is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito, which acts as the vector.

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The statement is True: malaria is caused by Plasmodium, a protozoan parasite.

Malaria is caused by species of the protozoan genus Plasmodium (e.g., P. vivax, P. falciparum), transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. The parasite multiplies within red blood cells, and its periodic rele …

Malignant (the most severe form of) malaria is caused by the protozoan Plasmodium falciparum.

Malaria is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium, transmitted by the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito.

• Plasmodium falciparum causes malignant tertian malaria, the most severe and potentially fatal form, which can lead to complications like cerebral malaria. …

Malaria is a protozoan disease caused by Plasmodium, spread by the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito.

Among the options: Ascaris is a roundworm (causes ascariasis, a helminthic disease); Salmonella typhi is a bacterium (causes typhoid); Rhinovirus causes the common cold. Plasmodium is a unicellular protozoan parasite that completes part of its life cycle in the human liver and red blood cells (causing the characteristi …

Malaria is a protozoan disease caused by Plasmodium species, transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito vector.

The causative agent

Malaria in humans is caused by species of the protozoan genus Plasmodium — chiefly P. vivax and the more severe P. falciparum, and also P. malariae and P. ovale. The parasite is injected into the human bloodstream as sporozoites when an infected female Anopheles mosquito bites, multiplies inside liver cells and then red blood cells, and the periodic rupture of infected RBCs (releasing a toxic substance, haemozoin) causes the classic recurring high fever with chills.

Ruling out the other organisms

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Haemozoin and histamine are both released inside the body but from very different causes and cell types — haemozoin comes from a malaria parasite destroying red blood cells, while histamine comes from the body's own immune (mast) cells during an allergic response.

Haemozoin:

• Released when Plasmodium (the malaria-causing parasite) multiplies inside RBCs and ruptures them at the end of its erythrocytic schizogonic cycle.
• Haemozoin is a toxic, dark pigment (from digested haemoglobin) that is released along with other toxic substances into the blood when RBCs burst.
• Its release coincides with the recurring high fever and chills of malaria (occurring every 48 or 72 hours depending on the Plasmodium species).

Histamine:

• Released by mast cells (and basophils) as part of an allergic/immune (hypersensitivity) reaction, when an allergen binds to IgE antibodies already attached to these cells. …