Q.Describe the impact of Green Revolution on Indian Economy.
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Start your 14-day free trial to unlock the full solution →The Green Revolution raised foodgrain output sharply and made India self-sufficient in food, increasing farm incomes, employment and the use of modern inputs. But its gains were limited to certain regions and crops, widened inequality between large and small farmers, and harmed the environment through overuse of water and chemicals.
The Green Revolution refers to the large increase in agricultural production that followed the introduction of high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilisers, pesticides, assured irrigation and modern machinery from the mid-1960s. Its impact on the Indian economy was both positive and negative, and the AP Intermediate 2nd-year Economics course (aligned with the NCERT/CBSE commerce curriculum) expects a balanced view.
Positive impact:
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Rise in foodgrain production. Output of wheat and rice rose sharply, moving India from food shortage to self-sufficiency.
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Higher farm incomes. Larger and more valuable harvests raised the incomes of farmers in the Green Revolution areas.
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Employment and linkages. Greater use of inputs and more intensive cultivation created jobs and boosted agro-industries and trade.
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Modernisation of agriculture. Farmers adopted scientific inputs and methods, raising productivity.
Negative impact:
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Regional disparities. The gains were concentrated in Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh, while many regions lagged behind.
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Crop concentration. Mainly wheat and rice benefited, while pulses, oilseeds and coarse grains were neglected.
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Inter-personal inequality. Large farmers who could afford costly inputs gained most, widening the gap between them and small and marginal farmers.
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