Q.For making the following amendments, what conditions need to be fulfilled? (Citizenship clause, Right to freedom of religion, Changes in Union List, Changes in State boundaries, Provision re Election Commission — tick special majority / ratification by States.)

Whether an amendment needs only special majority, or special majority plus ratification by the States, depends on whether it touches the distribution of power between the Centre and the States, or matters of representation. …

The chapter states the rule plainly: "When an amendment aims to modify an article related to distribution of powers between the States and the central government, or articles related to representation, it is necessary that the States must be consulted and that they give their consent," through ratification by at least half the State legislatures, in addition to special majority in Parliament. Applying this test to each item:

• Citizenship clause: This does not concern the distribution of power between Centre and States, nor representation — so it needs special majority in Parliament only, with no State ratification.
• Right to freedom of religion: This is a Fundamental Right (Part III), again not a Centre-State distribution or representation matter — special majority only.
• Changes in the Union List: This is a direct case of altering the distribution of legislative powers between the Centre and the States (the Union List is part of the Seventh Schedule, which allocates subjects between Centre and States) — this needs both special majority in Parliament and ratification by at least half the States. …