Q.4 laws (equal daughter/son property share; differing sales-tax slabs; no religious instruction in govt schools; no begar/forced labour) — connected to what underlying value?

Each of these four everyday laws expresses a different core constitutional value — equality, social justice, secularism, or individual dignity — rather than all pointing to the same value.

The Constitution's philosophy is not reducible to one value — it is simultaneously committed to individual freedom, social justice, secularism and equality, and each of these four everyday laws is the practical expression of one of those commitments.

1. A law giving both daughters and sons an equal share in family property is connected to the value of equality between men and women — the same underlying value the chapter identifies as a genuine achievement when it discusses social justice and, more broadly, the Constitution's commitment to equality of individuals regardless of sex.
2. A law creating different slabs of sales tax on different consumer items is connected to social justice, specifically the idea that the tax burden should be distributed according to people's ability to pay and according to whether a good is a basic necessity or a luxury — taxing essential items lightly and non-essential or luxury items more heavily protects poorer citizens, which is the same logic behind the Constitution's broader commitment to social justice alongside individual liberty.
3. A law barring religious instruction in any government school is connected to secularism — specifically the idea, discussed in the chapter, that the state should not use its own institutions to promote or favour any religion, keeping a 'principled distance' from religious matters in the public sphere it directly controls.
4. A law prohibiting begar (forced, unpaid labour) is connected to individual freedom and dignity — the same liberal commitment, rooted in the freedom movement's long-standing insistence on individual rights, that also underlies protections like freedom from arbitrary arrest; forced labour is a direct denial of a person's basic freedom and self-respect.
   ✓Final answer

   1. Equality between men and women (social justice).
   2. Social justice — taxation according to ability to pay.
   3. Secularism — the state keeping distance from religion in its own institutions.
   4. Individual freedom and human dignity — protection against exploitation.