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Exercises · Q5

Q.Indian secularism focuses on more than the religion-state separation. Explain.

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Indian secularism treats religion-state separation as necessary but not sufficient — it equally emphasises inter-religious equality, community as well as individual religious freedom, state-supported religious reform, and a flexible, case-by-case 'principled distance' rather than uniform separation.

In the mainstream western model, separation of religion and state as mutual exclusion is essentially the whole story of secularism — the state and religion simply stay out of each other's affairs. Indian secularism is built differently. First, it treats inter-religious equality as just as central as intra-religious equality, rather than leaving inter-religious concerns comparatively neglected the way the western model historically has. Second, it extends religious freedom not only to individuals but to religious communities as such, recognising their right to maintain their own culture and educational institutions. Third, it is genuinely compatible with state-supported religious reform — laws banning untouchability, abolishing child marriage, and lifting restrictions on inter-caste marriage are all examples of the state actively reshaping religious practice rather than staying at arm's length from it. …

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