Eysenck's Theory

Eysenck’s Theory of Personality

H.J. Eysenck argued that personality can be reduced to a small number of broad, fundamental dimensions. Crucially, he believed these dimensions are biologically and genetically based — they are not just convenient labels but reflect real, inherited differences in the nervous system. Each of these broad dimensions subsumes (includes) a number of more specific traits.

Eysenck originally proposed two core dimensions.

1. Neuroticism vs. Emotional Stability

This dimension refers to the degree to which people have control over their feelings.

• At one extreme — Neuroticism: People who are neurotic are anxious, moody, touchy, restless, and quickly lose control.
• At the other extreme — Emotional Stability: People here are calm, even-tempered, reliable, and remain under control.

2. Extraversion vs. Introversion

This dimension refers to the degree to which people are socially outgoing or socially withdrawn.

• At one extreme — Extraversion: People who are active, gregarious (sociable), impulsive, and thrill-seeking.
• At the other extreme — Introversion: People who are passive, quiet, cautious, and reserved.

3. Psychoticism vs. Sociability (Added Later)

In a later work, Eysenck proposed a third dimension, called Psychoticism vs. Sociability. This dimension is considered to interact with the other two.

• High on Psychoticism: A person who scores high on this dimension tends to be hostile, egocentric (self-centred), and antisocial.

Measuring Eysenck's Dimensions …