Q.(a) Y Ltd. has a Current Ratio of 3·5 : 1 and Quick Ratio of 2 : 1. If excess of current assets over quick assets represented by inventory is ₹ 48,000, calculate current assets and current liabilities.

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1. CBSE 2026Set 67/3/11 markMCQ
   Q.(a) Which of the following is a financial statement of a company ? (A) Common Size Statement of Profit and Loss (B) Statement of Profit and Loss (C) Comparative Balance Sheet (D) Comparative Statement of Profit and Loss

   (OR)

   (b) Which of the following is not a Solvency Ratio ? (A) Debt-Equity Ratio (B) Return on Investment (C) Interest Coverage Ratio (D) Proprietary Ratio

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   Part (a): (B) Statement of Profit and Loss is a financial statement; the others are analytical tools. Part (b): (B) Return on Investment is a profitability ratio, not a solvency ratio.

   Part (a)

   Under the Companies Act, 2013 the financial statements are the primary, statutory statements: the Balance Sheet, the Statement of Profit and Loss, and the Cash Flow Statement. Common Size and Comparative statements are analytical statements prepared from the financial statements for interpretation.

   Option	Nature
   (A) Common Size Statement of P&L	Analytical tool
   (B) Statement of Profit and Loss	Financial statement ✓
   (C) Comparative Balance Sheet	Analytical tool

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2. CBSE 2026Set 67/3/11 markMCQ
   Q.The Current Ratio of Megh Raj Ltd. is 1·5 : 1. Which of the following transactions will reduce the ratio ? (A) Sale of furniture of ₹ 18,000 at a loss of ₹ 2,000 (B) Goods purchased on credit ₹ 75,000 (C) Sale of goods costing ₹ 60,000 for ₹ 80,000 (D) Payment of trade payables ₹ 40,000

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   The transaction that will reduce the Current Ratio (from 1.5:1) is (B) Goods purchased on credit ₹ 75,000, because it increases current assets and current liabilities by the same amount, which lowers a ratio greater than 1:1.

   Concept First: Why the Current Ratio Changes

   The Current Ratio is Current Assets ÷ Current Liabilities. Megh Raj Ltd. has a ratio of 1.5:1 — meaning for every ₹1 of current liability, the firm holds ₹1.50 of current assets. This is a ratio greater than 1:1.

   Here is the key rule you must remember:

   Important

   When a ratio is greater than 1:1, adding an equal amount to both numerator (current assets) and denominator (current liabilities) reduces the ratio. When a ratio is less than 1:1, the same transaction increases the ratio.

   Why? Think of it as a fraction. If you have 3/2 = 1.5, and you add 1 to both top and bottom, you get 4/3 ≈ 1.33 — which is smaller. The same logic applies to any transaction that increases both current assets and current liabilities by the same rupee amount.

   Now let us examine each option.

   ---

   Analysing Each Transaction

   Option (A): Sale of furniture of ₹ 18,000 at a loss of ₹ 2,000

   Furniture is a non-current asset (fixed asset). Selling it converts it into cash (a current asset). The book value of the furniture is ₹ 20,000 (since loss of ₹ 2,000 on sale of ₹ 18,000 means cost was ₹ 20,000).

   • Effect on Current Assets: Cash increases by ₹ 18,000.
   • Effect on Current Liabilities: No change.
   • Effect on Current Ratio: Numerator increases, denominator unchanged → Ratio increases.

   So (A) does not reduce the ratio.

   ---

   Option (B): Goods purchased on credit ₹ 75,000

   • Effect on Current Assets: Inventory (stock) increases by ₹ 75,000.
   • Effect on Current Liabilities: Trade payables (creditors) increase by ₹ 75,000.
   • Effect on Current Ratio: Both numerator and denominator increase by the same amount (₹ 75,000). Since the original ratio is 1.5:1 (>1:1), this reduces the ratio.

   Let us verify with numbers. Suppose original current assets = ₹ 1,50,000 and current liabilities = ₹ 1,00,000 (ratio = 1.5:1). After the transaction:

   Current assets = ₹ 1,50,000 + ₹ 75,000 = ₹ 2,25,000

   Current liabilities = ₹ 1,00,000 + ₹ 75,000 = ₹ 1,75,000

   New ratio = 2,25,000 ÷ 1,75,000 = 1.2857:1 — which is lower than 1.5:1.

   So (B) reduces the ratio.

   Watch out

   A common mistake is to think that any increase in current liabilities reduces the ratio. That is only true if current assets do not also increase. Here, both increase equally, so the effect depends on whether the original ratio is above or below 1:1.

   ---

   Option (C): Sale of goods costing ₹ 60,000 for ₹ 80,000

   This is a credit sale (or cash sale — either way, the effect is the same on current assets and liabilities).

   • Effect on Current Assets:
     • Inventory decreases by ₹ 60,000 (cost of goods sold).
     • Debtors (or cash) increase by ₹ 80,000 (sale price).
     • Net increase in current assets = ₹ 80,000 – ₹ 60,000 = ₹ 20,000.
   • Effect on Current Liabilities: No change (assuming no credit purchase involved). …

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3. CBSE 2026Set 67/4/11 markMCQ
   Q.(a) Which of the following statements are correct ? I. A low current ratio endangers the business and puts it at risk of facing a situation, where it will not be able to pay its short-term debts on time. II. Trade payables turnover ratio expresses the relationship between net credit sales and average trade payables. III. Operating profit ratio plus Gross profit ratio = 100. IV. Inventory turnover ratio determines the number of times inventory is converted into revenue from operations during the accounting period under consideration. Options : (A) I and II (B) II and III (C) III and IV (D) I and IV

   (OR)

   (b) Ratios that are calculated for measuring the efficiency of operations of business based on effective utilisation of resources are called : (A) Turnover ratios (B) Profitability ratios (C) Solvency ratios (D) Liquidity ratios

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   Part (a): statements I and IV are correct - option (D). Part (b): turnover ratios measure operating efficiency - option (A).

   Part (a)

   Statement	Verdict	Reason
   I - low current ratio risks short-term default	Correct	Current ratio = CA / CL; a low value means weak short-term solvency
   II - payables turnover = net credit sales / avg payables	Incorrect	It uses net credit purchases; sales are used for receivables turnover
   III - Operating profit ratio + Gross profit ratio = 100	Incorrect	Operating profit = Gross profit - Operating expenses; they never sum to 100
   IV - inventory turnover = times inventory converted to revenue	Correct	Inventory turnover = Cost of revenue / Average inventory

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4. CBSE 2026Set 67/5/11 markMCQ
   Q.(a) From the following information obtained from the books of accounts of Ananda Ltd., calculate ‘Quick Ratio’ of the company : Total Current Assets (including stock and prepaid expenses) ₹ 2,00,000; Stock ₹ 20,000; Prepaid expenses ₹ 10,000; Current liabilities ₹ 1,70,000. (A) 20 : 17 (B) 1 : 1 (C) 18 : 17 (D) 19 : 17

   (OR)

   (b) ‘Analysis of financial statements is useful and significant to different users.’ Which of the following users is concerned with a firm’s long-term solvency and survival ? (A) Labour unions (B) Trade payables (C) Finance manager (D) Lenders

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   (a) Quick Ratio of Ananda Ltd. = 1 : 1 → option (B).

   (b) The user concerned with long-term solvency and survival is Lenders → option (D).

   Part (a)

   The Quick (Acid-Test) Ratio measures the ability to meet current liabilities from the most liquid assets, excluding Stock and Prepaid Expenses (which are not readily convertible to cash).

   Quick Assets = Current Assets − Stock − Prepaid Expenses = 2,00,000 − 20,000 − 10,000 = ₹1,70,000 …

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5. CBSE 2026Set 67/5/11 markMCQ
   Q.The following information is obtained from the books of Devdutt Ltd. : Working capital – ₹ 4,00,000 Trade Payables – ₹ 50,000 Other Current liabilities – ₹ 1,00,000 Current assets of Devdutt Ltd. are : (A) ₹ 2,50,000 (B) ₹ 4,50,000 (C) ₹ 5,00,000 (D) ₹ 5,50,000

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   The Current Assets of Devdutt Ltd. are calculated as ₹ 5,50,000 by using the working capital formula.

   Understanding a company's liquidity position is crucial for assessing its short-term financial health. One of the primary tools for this assessment is Liquidity Ratio Analysis, which includes calculating ratios like the Current Ratio and the Quick Ratio, and also understanding key components like Working Capital.

   Working Capital represents the excess of current assets over current liabilities. It indicates the funds available to a business for its day-to-day operations after meeting its short-term obligations. A positive working capital signifies that a company has enough current assets to cover its current liabilities, suggesting good short-term solvency.

   The fundamental formula for Working Capital is:

   Working Capital = Current Assets - Current Liabilities

   In this question, we are given the Working Capital and the components of Current Liabilities. Our goal is to determine the Current Assets. We can rearrange the formula to solve for Current Assets:

   Current Assets = Working Capital + Current Liabilities

   Let's break down the calculation.

   Working Notes

   1. Calculation of Total Current Liabilities:

      Current Liabilities are obligations that are expected to be settled within one year or the operating cycle of the business, whichever is longer.

      • Trade Payables = ₹ 50,000
      • Other Current Liabilities = ₹ 1,00,000 Total Current Liabilities = Trade Payables + Other Current Liabilities Total Current Liabilities = ₹ 50,000 + ₹ 1,00,000 = ₹ 1,50,000

   2. Calculation of Current Assets:

      Now that we have the total current liabilities and the working capital, we can find the current assets using the rearranged formula. …

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6. CBSE 2026Set MARCH1 mark
   Q.Will the current ratio increase or decrease when the current assets increase and the current liabilities remain unchanged?

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   If current assets rise and current liabilities stay the same, the current ratio increases.

   Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities.

   When current assets increase and current liabilities are unchanged, the numerator becomes larger while the denominator is constant, so the value of the ratio rises.

   …

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7. CBSE 2026Set ANNUAL1 markMCQ
   Q.Gayatri Limited's current ratio is 0.5 : 1. What will the effect on the current ratio, if goods purchased for cash? A) Will increase B) Will decrease C) Cannot be determined D) No change

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   A cash purchase of goods leaves the current ratio unchanged - option (D).

   Current ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities. When goods are bought for cash:

   • Inventory (a current asset) increases.
   • Cash (a current asset) decreases by the same amount.

   The two effects cancel, so total current assets stay the same, and current liabilities are not affected at all. With both numerator and denominator unchanged, the ratio stays at 0.5 : 1.

   …

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8. CBSE 2026Set ANNUAL1 markMCQ
   Q.The ideal current ratio is

   (a) 1 : 1

   (b) 2 : 1

   (c) 1 : 2

   (d) 1.5 : 1

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   2:1 is the textbook "ideal" current ratio — ₹2 of current assets backing every ₹1 of current liabilities gives a comfortable safety margin for meeting short-term obligations.

   The Current Ratio = Current Assets ÷ Current Liabilities, and it measures a firm's ability to meet its short-term obligations out of its short-term (current) resources.

   A ratio of 2:1 has traditionally been regarded as the "ideal" or safe benchmark because:

   • It implies the firm has twice as many current assets as current liabilities, providing a buffer even if some current assets (such as inventory) prove slow or difficult to convert into cash quickly, or if some current assets turn out to be partly unrealizable. …

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9. CBSE 2025Set 67/4/11 markMCQ
   Q.The Quick Ratio of a company is 2 : 1. Which of the following transactions will result in decrease of this ratio ? (A) Payment of outstanding salary (B) Cash received from debtors (C) Sale of goods at a profit (D) Purchase of goods for cash

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   (D) Purchase of goods for cash decreases the Quick Ratio, because it converts a quick asset (cash) into inventory (not a quick asset) while current liabilities stay unchanged.

   Concept: Quick Ratio

   $\text{Quick Ratio} = \frac{\text{Quick Assets}}{\text{Current Liabilities}}$

   Quick assets = current assets − inventory − prepaid expenses (i.e. cash, marketable securities, debtors). Let quick assets $= 2x$ and current liabilities $= x$ (ratio $2:1$).

   Effect of Each Transaction

   (A) Payment of outstanding salary — a current liability paid in cash: both fall by the same amount $y$. New ratio $=\dfrac{2x-y}{x-y}$. Since $\dfrac{2x-y}{x-y}-2=\dfrac{y}{x-y}>0$, the ratio rises above $2:1$. (Paying a current liability improves a quick ratio that is above $1:1$.)

   (B) Cash received from debtors — cash up, debtors down; both are quick assets, so total quick assets and current liabilities are unchanged. Ratio unchanged.

   (C) Sale of goods at a profit — quick assets rise (cash/debtors up), liabilities unchanged. Ratio rises. …

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10. CBSE 2025Set 67/5/11 markMCQ
    Q.Operating ratio of a company is 63%. Its gross profit ratio is 20%. What will be its operating profit ratio ? (A) 37% (B) 23% (C) 43% (D) 83%

    (OR)

    Which of the following is not a purpose of analysis of financial statements ? (A) To assess the current profitability and the operational efficiency of the firm. (B) To ascertain the relative importance of different components of financial position of the firm. (C) To just study the reports of the company. (D) To judge the ability of the firm to repay its debt.

    ›Reveal solutionSolution

    Part (a): Operating Profit Ratio = 100% − 63% = 37% — option (A). Part (b): (C) To just study the reports of the company.

    Part (a)

    The Operating Ratio measures operating cost as a percentage of revenue from operations, while the Operating Profit Ratio measures operating profit as a percentage of the same revenue. Since operating cost and operating profit together make up the whole of revenue from operations:

    Operating Ratio + Operating Profit Ratio = 100%

    Therefore:

    Operating Profit Ratio = 100% − Operating Ratio = 100% − 63% = 37% …

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11. CBSE 2025Set MARCH1 markMCQ
    Q.Which of the following is not included to compute current ratio?

    (a) Debtors

    (b) Stock

    (c) Bills receivables

    (d) Furniture

    ›Reveal solutionSolution

    Current ratio = Current assets ÷ Current liabilities; debtors, stock and bills receivable are current assets, but furniture is a fixed asset and is excluded. Correct option: (d).

    In GSEB Class-12 Commerce Accountancy (Accounting Ratios):

    …

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12. CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 mark
    Q.Find the value of current Assets from the following information - Current Ratio 2 : 1, Current Liability ₹ 5,00,000

    ›Reveal solutionSolution

    Current Ratio 2 : 1 and Current Liabilities ₹5,00,000 give Current Assets = ₹10,00,000.

    The current ratio relates current assets to current liabilities:

    Current Ratio = Current Assets ÷ Current Liabilities

    Particulars	Amount
    Current Ratio	2 : 1
    Current Liabilities	₹5,00,000
    Current Assets = 2 × 5,00,000	₹10,00,000
    …

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