Identify and explain the external source of recruitment discussed in each of the following cases : (i) Veer In

Question

Q. Identify and explain the external source of recruitment discussed in each of the following cases :

(i) Veer Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd. was handling the construction of a government hospital building in Unedabad. During the monsoon season, the project was delayed and there was a sudden rush of work to meet the deadline. The site supervisor placed a notice at the entrance of the construction site stating “Daily wage labourers needed for 15 days. Report with Identity Proof on Monday at 9:00 A.M. Preference for workers with experience in masonry or carrying materials”.

(ii) Vista Bank planned to expand its retail banking operations in Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities. They needed to hire over 200 middle-level managers with experience in sales, customer service and operations. Vista Bank approached ‘Avon Consultants’, one of India’s leading management consultancy firms. ‘Avon Consultants’ advertised positions on job portals under their own name and also accessed its database of experienced professionals across India. After extensive screening, they shortlisted and forwarded qualified candidates to Vista Bank.

CBSECBSE Class XII Board 2026Subjective· 3mImportance★★★★★

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Concept understanding — Internal External Recruitment

Let’s start with something you already know. Imagine a college fest. The organising team needs a new coordinator. They can either pick someone who is already a member of the team — someone they know, whose work they’ve seen — or they can put up a notice asking any student from the entire college to apply. The first option is internal recruitment; the second is external recruitment.

Now bring that to a business. Every organisation, at some point, needs to fill a vacancy — a new job, a promotion, a transfer, or a replacement. The question is: where do you look for candidates? Do you look inside the company, among people who already work there? Or do you go outside, to the open job market?

Internal recruitment means filling a vacancy from within the organisation. Existing employees are considered — through promotions, transfers, or even asking current staff for referrals. The key idea is that the candidate pool is limited to people who already work there.

External recruitment means looking outside the organisation for candidates. This includes advertising jobs in newspapers or online, hiring through placement agencies, campus placements, or walk-in interviews. Anyone from the general public who meets the qualifications can apply.

Important

The NCERT textbook (Class 12 Business Studies, Chapter 6 — Staffing) clearly states: Internal recruitment is a source of recruitment that seeks applicants from within the organisation, while external recruitment seeks applicants from outside the organisation. Both are valid, but they serve different needs.

Why does this distinction matter? Because each has its own strengths and weaknesses.

Internal recruitment is faster and cheaper. You already know the person’s work ethic, skills, and attitude. It also boosts morale — employees see that hard work can lead to promotion. But it has a downside: it limits the pool of talent. You might miss out on someone brilliant from outside. Also, it can create a sense of entitlement or internal politics. …

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Both cases show external sources of recruitment. Case (i) is direct recruitment — a notice placed at the worksite where job seekers assemble on a fixed date; case (ii) is recruitment through placement agencies / management consultants — a professional firm that screens and forwards candidates.

When filling a vacancy, an organisation can look inside (internal sources — transfers and promotions) or bring in people from outside (external sources). External sources widen the pool and bring in fresh talent. The NCERT Class 12 Business Studies syllabus lists several external sources, including direct recruitment, casual callers, advertisements, employment exchanges, placement agencies and management consultants, campus recruitment, labour contractors and web publishing. Each of the two cases here illustrates a distinct external source.

Veer Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd. — Direct Recruitment The site supervisor put up a notice at the entrance of the construction site asking daily-wage labourers to report on a fixed day (Monday, 9:00 A.M.) with identity proof, with preference for those experienced in masonry or carrying materials. This is a classic case of direct recruitment (also called recruitment at the factory gate). Under this method, a notice specifying the jobs available is placed on the notice board or at the gate/entrance of the enterprise; interested job seekers assemble outside the premises on the specified date and selection is done on the spot.
Note

Direct recruitment is most useful for unskilled and semi-skilled workers — construction labour, loading and unloading, temporary work — where a number of workers are needed quickly and elaborate screening is not required.

The tell-tale features here are that the notice was placed at the entrance of the worksite (not advertised in a newspaper or on a portal), the requirement was temporary (15 days), and workers were asked to report in person on a fixed date. This method is fast and inexpensive and works well for a local, temporary labour requirement, though it does not attract a wide range of candidates and is unsuitable for skilled or managerial posts.
Vista Bank — Placement Agencies / Management Consultants …

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Same / Similar Concept — real previous-year questions on the same or a closely similar concept, not this exact question.

Showing the 12 most recent of 19 on this concept.

CBSE 2026Set MARCH1 mark
$Q. State any one internal source of recruitment.$
›Reveal solutionSolution

Internal sources of recruitment mean filling vacancies from within the organisation. The two main internal sources are Transfer and Promotion.

…

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CBSE 2026Set ANNUAL1 markMCQ
$Q. Which is not a source of recruitment?$
(a) Internal source
(b) External source
(c) Selection
(d) Promotion
›Reveal solutionSolution

Selection is not a source of recruitment; the sources are internal (e.g., promotion, transfer) and external.

Recruitment is the process of searching for prospective employees and encouraging them to apply. Its sources are internal (transfers, promotions) and external (advertisements, campus placement, employment exchanges, etc.). Selection is the next step in staffing — choos …

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CBSE 2026Set ANNUAL1 mark
$Q. What is the source of recruitment to fill up the vacant post by transfer?$
›Reveal solutionSolution

Filling a vacant post through transfer draws on the internal source of recruitment.

Sources of recruitment are broadly divided into internal sources (filling vacancies from within the existing workforce, e.g. through transfer or promotion) and external sources (hiring from outside the organisation, e.g. through advertisements, placement agencies, campus recruitment). A transfer moves an existing employee to another post at roughly the same level of responsibility and pay, within the same organisation — because no outsider …

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CBSE 2025Set MARCH1 markMCQ

Q. Which of the following are internal sources of recruitment ?

(a) Campus interview

(b) Promotion

(d) Transfer

(i)

(a) and

(b)

(ii)

(b) and

(c)

(iii)

(a) and

(d)

(iv)

(b) and (d)

›Reveal solution

The correct combination is (iv) (b) and (d) — Promotion and Transfer are the two internal sources of recruitment.

Recruitment sources in Kerala Plus Two Staffing are grouped into internal and external:

Internal sources	External sources
Transfers	Direct recruitment
Promotions	Casual callers
	Advertisement
	Employment exchange
	Placement agencies & management consultants
	Campus recruitment / campus interview
	Recommendations of employees
	Labour contractors / job contractors
	Web publishing
…

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CBSE 2025Set MARCH1 markMCQ
$Q. Internal Source of Recruitment is __________.$
(a) Transfer
(b) Employment Exchange
(c) Advertisement
(d) Campus Recruitment
›Reveal solutionSolution

The correct answer is (a) Transfer, which is an internal source of recruitment.

…

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CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 markMCQ
$Q. Write True or False: Recruitment is a positive activity.$
(a) True
(b) False
›Reveal solutionSolution

True; recruitment is a positive process.

Recruitment is the process of searching for prospective employees and encouraging them to apply, thereby building a large pool of candidates. Because it invites and attracts applicants (increasing their number), it is called a positive process. …

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CBSE 2024Set MARCH1 mark
$Q. Which is the base of the selection process?$
›Reveal solutionSolution

Recruitment is the base of selection.

Recruitment is the process of searching for prospective employees and inviting them to apply; it creates the pool of applicants. Selection then screens and chooses the best candidates from that pool. Since selection is possible only after recruitment has gathered appl …

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CBSE 2024Set MARCH1 mark
$Q. What is Recruitment?$
›Reveal solutionSolution

Recruitment is the process of finding prospective employees and encouraging them to apply for jobs.

…

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CBSE 2024Set ANNUAL1 markMCQ
$Q. Which one of the following is not the external source of recruitment?$
(a) Advertisement
(b) Promotion
(c) Educational institution
(d) Employment exchange
›Reveal solutionSolution

Promotion is not an external source of recruitment; it is an internal source.

External sources of recruitment include advertisement, recruitment from educational institutions (campus placement) and employment exchanges — all bringing people from outside the firm. Promotion, by contrast, fills a higher post with an existing employee from within …

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CBSE 2023Set 66/2/11 markMCQ
$Q.'RP Infotech Ltd.' decided to approach 'Patel Engineering College' to recruit qualified personnel for various technical jobs in its newly opened branch in Surat. Which source of recruitment from the following has been used by 'RP Infotech Ltd.' in the above case : (A) Direct Recruitment (B) Placement Agencies and Management Consultants (C) Campus Recruitment (D) Recommendation of employees$
›Reveal solutionSolution
RP Infotech Ltd. is using Campus Recruitment by directly approaching a college to hire fresh graduates for its new branch.

When a company needs to fill technical positions quickly — especially for a new branch — it must decide where to find the right people. The choice between internal sources (promotions, transfers) and external sources (new hires from outside) is a fundamental decision in the recruitment process. In this case, RP Infotech Ltd. has chosen an external source.

External recruitment offers access to fresh talent, new ideas, and a wider pool of candidates. One of the most common and effective external sources for technical and professional roles is Campus Recruitment. This involves the company visiting educational institutions — such as engineering colleges, management institutes, or polytechnics — to select students who are about to complete their studies.

Note

Campus recruitment is especially popular for entry-level and junior positions because it allows employers to assess a large number of candidates in one place and mould them according to the company's culture from the start.

In the given case, RP Infotech Ltd. approached 'Patel Engineering College' directly. This is a classic example of campus recruitment. The company is not relying on advertisements, employment exchanges, or employee referrals. It is going straight to the source of fresh talent — the college campus — to recruit qualified personnel for technical jobs.

Let us briefly see why the other options do not fit:

Direct Recruitment usually means putting up a notice outside the workplace or at the factory gate, often for unskilled or semi-skilled workers. It is informal and not used for technical jobs in a new branch. …
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CBSE 2023Set MARCH1 markMCQ
$Q. The process of finding possible candidates for a job is ________.$
(a) Selection
(b) Training
(c) Recruitment
(d) None of these
›Reveal solutionSolution
Correct option: (c) Recruitment — the process of finding/searching for prospective candidates and stimulating them to apply for jobs.

This one-mark question belongs to the 'Staffing' chapter of the Kerala Plus Two (DHSE) Commerce syllabus. The staffing process moves through distinct steps:

Recruitment is the positive process of searching for possible candidates and inducing them to apply, so that a pool of applicants is created. …
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CBSE 2023Set ANNUAL1 markMCQ
$Q. Shifting of an employee from one job to another is (A) Transfer (B) Resignation (C) Both (A) and (B) (D) Continuous$
›Reveal solutionSolution

The correct option is (A) Transfer, because moving an employee from one job to another is defined as a transfer.

A transfer is the shifting of an employee from one job, department or place to another, usually without a major change in rank, status or pay. It is an internal source of staffing used to adjust the workforce, provide variety, or meet changing needs. Hence the act described in the question is a transfer.

…

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Q.Identify and explain the external source of recruitment discussed in each of the following cases :

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