Q.Complete the following sentence suitably: Dr. Sadao was asked to come to the palace to __________. (The Enemy)
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Moral Conflict Resolution: A First Look
Think of the last time you had to choose between two things that both felt "right" — or between something easy that was wrong and something hard that was right. That knot in your stomach, that hesitation, that sense of being pulled in two directions — that is a moral conflict. Resolving it is not about finding a clever compromise. It is about figuring out which value matters more in that specific situation, and then acting on it.
What Is a Moral Conflict?
A moral conflict arises when two or more ethical principles, duties, or loyalties clash, and you cannot satisfy all of them at once. For example:
- A friend asks you to lie to protect her from embarrassment. You value honesty, but you also value loyalty.
- Your boss asks you to meet a deadline by cutting corners on quality. You value responsibility to your job, but also integrity in your work.
- You see a classmate cheating in an exam. Reporting him feels like the right thing, but you also fear breaking the unwritten code of friendship.
In each case, you are not choosing between good and evil — you are choosing between two goods, or between a good and a lesser evil. That is what makes moral conflict genuinely difficult.
The Core Idea: Resolution, Not Elimination
Moral conflict resolution does not mean making the conflict disappear. It means arriving at a decision you can justify to yourself and others, even if the choice leaves some regret. The NCERT textbook (Class 11, Business Studies, Chapter 6 — Social Responsibilities of Business and Business Ethics) emphasises that ethical decisions in business often involve weighing competing claims. The same logic applies to personal life.
The process typically involves:
- Identifying the conflicting values. Name them clearly. "I value honesty. I also value not hurting my friend's feelings."
- Ranking the values in this context. Which one takes priority here? Is this a situation where honesty matters more, or where kindness matters more?
- Considering consequences. What happens if I choose one over the other? Who gets hurt? Who benefits?
- Checking for consistency. Would I be comfortable if everyone knew my decision? Would I advise someone else to do the same?
Moral conflict resolution is not about finding a perfect answer that satisfies everyone. It is about making a defensible choice — one you can explain with reasons, not just feelings. The goal is integrity, not comfort.
Why It Matters for Commerce and Humanities Students
In business, moral conflicts are routine. A manager may have to choose between maximising profit and protecting the environment. A marketer may have to decide between an honest advertisement and one that exaggerates. A finance officer may face pressure to manipulate numbers. These are not abstract philosophy problems — they are daily decisions that shape careers, companies, and communities.
For humanities students, moral conflict resolution is the backbone of ethics, law, politics, and literature. Every great novel, every courtroom drama, every policy debate turns on someone trying to resolve a moral conflict. Understanding how to think through such conflicts gives you a framework for analysing human behaviour — and for making better decisions in your own life. …
The General has come to depend on Dr. Sadao as the one surgeon he trusts, and when his old ailment troubles him again he sends for him. The summons is therefore a medical one — Sadao is called because the General needs his surgical skill, not for any hidden reason. …
Dr. Sadao was summoned to the palace to attend on the General, who trusted him as his personal physician and needed his surgical skill.
In Pearl S. Buck's "The Enemy," Dr. Sadao Hoki is not only a gifted surgeon but also the doctor the old General relies on completely. Having been treated by Sadao before, the General has such faith in his ability that he keeps him from being sent to the war front, wanting him close at hand for his own health.
So when the General's ailment flares up again, he sends for Sadao to come to the palace and treat him. The visit is a medical one: the General needs Sadao's care and trusts no other surgeon with his life. …
- CBSE 2026Set 1/2/11 markMCQQ.Choose the correct option: 'On the one hand not to set a bad example as a lawbreaker; on the other hand, to render humanitarian and national service' — The above line from the extract expresses _______. (A) conflict (B) humiliation (C) admiration (D) suppression (Indigo)
›Reveal solutionSolution
The line captures the moral conflict Gandhi faced between obeying the law and serving a higher humanitarian and national cause.
The extract you are referring to comes from the chapter Indigo (from the NCERT Class 12 English textbook, Flamingo). In this passage, Gandhi is explaining his dilemma about whether to obey the court's order to leave Champaran or to defy it. He says: "On the one hand not to set a bad example as a lawbreaker; on the other hand, to render humanitarian and national service."
This is not a simple choice between right and wrong. Gandhi was a lawyer who deeply respected the law. He did not want to encourage people to break laws casually, because that would set a dangerous precedent. At the same time, he had come to Champaran to help the indigo peasants who were being exploited by British planters. If he obeyed the court and left, he would abandon the very people who needed him. That would be a betrayal of his duty as a humanitarian and a nationalist.
So the line expresses a conflict — an inner struggle between two competing values. On one side is the principle of lawfulness; on the other, the call of justice and service. Gandhi resolved this conflict not by choosing one over the other, but by willingly accepting the penalty for breaking the law. He was prepared to go to jail, which he saw as the honourable way to serve both his conscience and the cause.
NoteThis is a classic example of what Gandhi called "civil disobedience" — breaking a law openly and non-violently, not out of disrespect for law, but out of a higher moral duty. …
- CBSE 2026Set 1/3/11 markQ.Complete the following sentence suitably: Dr. Sadao was asked to come to the palace to __________. (The Enemy)
›Reveal solutionSolution
Dr. Sadao was summoned to the palace to attend on the General, who trusted him as his personal physician and needed his surgical skill.
In Pearl S. Buck's "The Enemy," Dr. Sadao Hoki is not only a gifted surgeon but also the doctor the old General relies on completely. Having been treated by Sadao before, the General has such faith in his ability that he keeps him from being sent to the war front, wanting him close at hand for his own health.
So when the General's ailment flares up again, he sends for Sadao to come to the palace and treat him. The visit is a medical one: the General needs Sadao's care and trusts no other surgeon with his life. …
- CBSE 2024Set 1/2/11 markMCQQ.What does Hana ask Dr. Sadao to do alone? (A) Treat the wounded soldier (B) Give him shelter in the outhouse (C) Throw him back into the sea (D) Hand him over to the authorities (The Enemy)
›Reveal solutionSolution
Hana asks Dr. Sadao to throw the wounded American soldier back into the sea, unable to bear the moral and practical burden of sheltering an enemy in wartime Japan. The answer is (C).
This question tests your recall of a pivotal moment in Pearl S. Buck's The Enemy, when the couple confronts the impossible choice between their duty as Japanese citizens during wartime and their humanity toward a suffering stranger.
The scene unfolds after Sadao and Hana discover the wounded American prisoner of war washed up on their private beach. They carry him into their home, and Sadao begins treating his injuries—but the weight of what they've done quickly becomes unbearable. They are harboring an enemy soldier in a country at war with America, risking accusations of treason. The servants have already fled in protest, and the couple is left alone with their dangerous secret.
In her distress, Hana turns to her husband with a desperate request. She cannot endure the tension, the fear of discovery, the moral conflict. She asks Sadao to take the man back to the sea—to undo their act of mercy, to let the ocean reclaim him as if they had never intervened.
Let me walk through why the other options don't fit:
- (A) Treat the wounded soldier — Sadao is already treating him; this is not something Hana asks him to do alone as a separate, difficult decision. The treatment happens almost automatically, driven by Sadao's medical instinct. …
- CBSE 2023Set 1/3/11 markMCQQ.The summons for Dr. Sadao were because(a) the servants had reported.(b) there was a medical emergency.(c) the General wanted to express his admiration.(d) the prisoner of war had escaped. (The Enemy)
›Reveal solutionSolution
Dr. Sadao was summoned by the General because the General was unwell and required his medical expertise.
In Pearl S. Buck's "The Enemy," Dr. Sadao Hoki finds himself in a profound moral quandary. As a highly skilled Japanese surgeon, he is bound by his professional oath to save lives, yet as a loyal citizen during wartime, he is expected to treat an enemy soldier with hostility. This conflict intensifies when he discovers a wounded American prisoner of war washed ashore near his house and decides to operate on him and nurse him back to health.
During this period of intense personal and national conflict, Dr. Sadao receives an urgent summons from the General. This call was not related to the presence of the American prisoner at his home, which was a secret he was grappling with. Instead, the General, an old and ailing man, was suffering from a medical emergency. Dr. Sadao was the General's personal physician, and his skills were considered indispensable for the General's survival.
NoteThe General's complete dependence on Dr. Sadao for his health is a crucial plot point. It explains why the General, despite being a powerful military figure, was willing to overlook Sadao's actions regarding the prisoner, as he feared for his own life without Sadao's care.
The General had an old condition that often flared up, and he trusted no other surgeon with his life. His summons to Dr. Sadao was a direct consequence of his deteriorating health, requiring immediate medical attention. This situation, ironically, provided Dr. Sadao with a unique opportunity to confide in the General about the prisoner, knowing that the General's self-interest in his own survival would likely protect Sadao from severe repercussions.
Let's consider the other options presented: …
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