Q.For Question numbers 13 to 16, two statements are given – one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from Code (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below : (A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation for Assertion (A). (B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not correct explanation for Assertion (A). (C) Assertion (A) is true, Reason (R) is false. (D) Assertion (A) is false, Reason (R) is true. Assertion (A) : Apomixis leads to production of genetically identical off-springs. Reason (R) : Apomixis involves fertilization between two genetically similar plants.

Apomixis produces genetically identical offspring because it bypasses meiosis and fertilization entirely, not because it involves fertilization between similar plants.

In favourable conditions Amoeba divides by binary fission; multiple fission is its unfavourable-condition (cyst) response.

Amoeba reproduces asexually. Under favourable conditions it undergoes binary fission: the nucleus divides mitotically and the cytoplasm splits, giving two equal daughter Amoebae.

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The question asks for a plant where many embryos form in seeds without egg fertilisation — this is apomixis (specifically adventive embryony). Among the options, Citrus is the classic example where nucellar cells develop into embryos without fertilisation, so the correct answer is (D) Citrus.

Hydra's characteristic asexual method is budding, not conidia formation, zoospore formation or gemmule formation.

In Hydra, asexual reproduction occurs mainly through budding. A localised outgrowth called a bud arises on the body wall by repeated mitotic divisions. The bud grows, develops tentacles and a mouth of its own, and eventually detaches from the parent body to lead an independent life as a new Hydra.

• Conidia are asexual spores produced by certain fungi (e.g., Penicillium), not by Hydra. …

Paramecium undergoes transverse binary fission.

In binary fission a single parent divides into two daughter cells. The plane of division differs between organisms. In Paramecium the division plane runs across the body, perpendicular to the long axis, so it is transverse binary fission. (In …

Penicillium's asexual conidia are mitospores, so the answer is (A).

Penicillium is an ascomycete fungus. Its common mode of reproduction is asexual, by the production of chains of non-motile spores called conidia borne on brush-like conidiophores. Because these conidia are produced by ordinary mitotic divisions, they are mitospores. Fungi do not produce motil …

Binary fission (parent splits into two) is seen in both Amoeba and Paramecium, so the answer is (C) Both (A) and (B).

Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction in which the parent cell divides into two nearly equal daughter cells, each becoming an independent organism. It is common in unicellular organisms.

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Yeast reproduces asexually by budding.

In budding, a small outgrowth (bud) develops on the parent body, receives a nucleus and cytoplasm, grows, and then separates to become a new individual. Yeast (and Hydra) reproduce this way. Fragmentation oc …

Hydra reproduces asexually by budding; the other options use different asexual methods.

In budding, a small outgrowth (bud) develops on the parent body, grows by repeated mitotic division, develops its own tentacles and mouth, and eventually detaches (or stays attached to form a colony) as a new individual genetically identical to the parent.

• (a) Chlamydomonas — reproduces asexually by forming zoospores, not buds.
• (b) Hydra — reproduces asexually by budding; a bud forms on the side of the body wall, grows, and pinches off as a new hydra. Correct. …